Sociology Exam #3

Front 1

majority/dominant group

Back 1

the group with the most POWER in a society; NOT necessarily the group the greatest numbers

Front 2

minority/subordinate group

Back 2

group or groups with less power (not as much as the majority) in a society

Front 3

Views of America and immigration

Back 3

1. Anglo-conformity:get rid of
heritage, become like majority
group
2. Melting Pot:different cultures come
together to form new America
3. Cultural Pluralism: (today) every
ethnic group keeps traditions/
cultures and become members
of sub-cultures

Front 4

Different ways societies have dealt with minorities over time

Back 4

1. genocide
2. expulsion
3. segregation
4. assimilation
5. pluralism
6. amalgamation

Hint 4

GESAPA

Front 5

mass murder
-the physical extermination of an
entire group of people, just
because they are in that group
ex. Holocaust [10 mill. people killed],
Bosnia (Serbs) ["ethnic cleansing
from the Muslims"], Rwanda,
Darfur [mass starvations]

Back 5

genocide

Front 6

those in power brutally and forcably throw out group; TOTAL REMOVAL, either external, or internal (moved to unfavorable part of the country)

Back 6

expulsion

Front 7

those in power decide which parts of
society minorities can be a part of
ex. gender or racial

Back 7

segregation

Front 8

process by which a group
VOLUNTARILY gives up its
heritage to become part of the
majority culture
-positive intergroup relation-

Back 8

assimilation

Front 9

where the groups in a society are encouraged to retain their heritage [ethnic identity] in a subculture

Back 9

pluralism

Front 10

race

Back 10

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes

Hint 10

physical char.

Front 11

ethnicity

Back 11

defines individuals who are believed to share common characteristics that differentiate them from other collectives in a society

Front 12

5 main characteristics of ethnic groups

Back 12

1. unique cultural traits (language,
clothing, holidays, religious
practices)
2. a sense of community
3. a feeling of ethnocentrism
4. ascribed membership from birth
5 territorialty (the tendency to occupy
a distinct geographic area)

Hint 12

UctScFeAmbT

Front 13

predjudice

Back 13

a negative attitude based on faulty
generalizations about members of
selected racial and ethnic groups
rooted in ethnocentrism and stereotypes

Front 14

ethnocentrism

Back 14

the tendency to regard one's own culture
and group as the standard---and
thus superior

Front 15

stereotypes

Back 15

overgeneralizations about the
appearance, behavior, or other
characteristics of members of
particular categories
Gk:"stereos"-solid, fixed mental
impression

Front 16

racism

Back 16

a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices
that is used to justify the superior
treatment of one racial or ethnic
group and the inferior treatment of
another racial or ethnic group

Front 17

the factors of the underlying reasoning behind racism

Back 17

gender, age, class, and geography

Front 18

kinds of racism

Back 18

1. overt- blatent; public statements
2. subtle-more difficult to prove

Front 19

Racism tends to _______ in times of economic uncertainty and high rates of immigration

Back 19

intensify

Front 20

frustration-aggression hypothesis

Back 20

people who are frustrated in their
efforts to achieve a highly desired
goal will respond with a pattern of
aggression toward others
object of agression-scapegoat

Front 21

scapegoat

Back 21

a person or group that is incapable of
offering resistence to the hostility or
aggression of others
often used as substitutes for the actual
source of the frustration

Front 22

According to some symbolic interactionists, predjudice results from _________ ___________

Back 22

social learning

learned from observing and imitating significant others such as parents and peers

Front 23

authoritarian personality

Back 23

characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking

Front 24

social distance

Back 24

the extent to which people are willing to interact and establish relationships with members of racial and ethnic groups other than their own

Front 25

discrimination

Back 25

involves actions or practices of dominant-group members (or their representitives) that have a harmful impact on members of a subordinate group

Front 26

amalgamation

Back 26

when members of one group marry those of other social or ethnic groups

Front 27

segregation

Back 27

the spatial and social separation of categories of people by race, ethnicity, class, gender, and/or religion

Front 28

De jure segregation

Back 28

laws that systematically enforced the physical and social separation of Af. Amer. in all areas of public life

Front 29

De facto segregation

Back 29

racial segregation and inequality enforced by custom

Front 30

Caste Perspective

Back 30

"racial and ethnic inequality is a permanent feature of U.S. society because of structural elements, such as the law"

Front 31

Class Perspective

Back 31

emphasize the role of the capitalist class in racial exploitation

Front 32

Internal Colonialism

Back 32

occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group

Front 33

Split-Labor-Market Theory

Back 33

refers to the division of the economy into two areas of employment, a primary sector or upper tier, composed of higher-paid (usually dominant group) workers in more-secure jobs, and a secondary sector or lower tier, composed of lower-paid (often subordinate-group) workers in jobs with little security and hazardous working conditions

Front 34

gendered racism

Back 34

the interactive effect of racism and sexism on the exploitation of women of color

Front 35

theory of racial formation

Back 35

actions of the government substantially define racial and ethnic relations in the U.S.

Front 36

Critical race theory

Back 36

the belief that racism is such an ingrained feature of U.S. society that it appears to be ordinary and natural to many people

Front 37

Conflict Theories-on race and ethnic relations

Back 37

1. Caste Perspective
2. Class Perspective
3. Internal colonialism
4. Split labor market
5. Gendered racism
6. Racial formation
7. Social rearticulation

Hint 37

CCIcSlmGrRfSr

Front 38

Social rearticulation

Back 38

when the government's definition of racial realities is periodically challenged by social protest movements of various racial and ethnic groups

Front 39

Functionalist Theories-of race and ethnic relations

Back 39

1. Assimilation
a. cultural
b. biological
c. structural
d. psychological
2. Ethnic pluralism
a. equalitarian pluralism
b. inequalitarian pluralism
(segregation)

Front 40

WASP

Back 40

white Anglo-Saxon Protestant

Front 41

self-determination

Back 41

the right to choose one's own way of life

Front 42

examples of racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. today

Back 42

-Native Americans
-WASPs (northern and western Europe)
-African Americans/Blacks
-White Ethnic Americans (eastern and
southern European)
-Asian Americans
=Chinese
=Japanese
=Korean
=Filipino (Philippine Islands)
=Indochinese (Vietnam, Cambodia,
Thailand, and Laos)
-Latinos/as [Hispanic Americans]
=Mexican or Chicanos/as
=Puerto Ricans
=Cuban
-Middle Eastern American
[Afghanistan, Libya, Arabia,
Cyprus, Asiatic Turkey...]