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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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body consciousness
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a term that describes how a person perceives and feels about his/her body
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"how a person perceives..."
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comparable worth
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the belief that wages ought to reflect the worth of a job, not the gender or race of the worker
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"pay equity"
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feminism
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the belief that all people-both women and men-are equal and that they should be valued equally and have equal rights
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gender
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the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with “femininity” and “masculinity”
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"femininity" & "masculinity"
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gender bias
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behavior that shows favoritism toward one gender over the other
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favoritism
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gender identity
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a person’s perception of the self as female or male
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female or male
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gender role
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the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process
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"appropriate for each sex"
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hermaphrodite
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a person in whom sexual differentiation is ambiguous or incomplete
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"incomplete"
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homophobia
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extreme prejudice directed at gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and others who are perceived as not being heterosexual
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"extreme predjudice"
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matriarchy
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a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by women
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"cultural, political, and economic"
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patriarchy
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a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by men
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"cultural, political, and economic"
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pay gap
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a term used to describe the disparity between women’s and men’s earnings
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"disparity"
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primary sex characteristics
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the genitalia used in the reproductive process
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"genitalia"
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secondary sex characteristics
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the physical traits (other than reproductive organs) that identify an individual’s sex; such as: a deeper voice, more body hair, and greater height
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"physical traits"
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sex
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the biological and anatomical differences between females and males
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"biological and anatomical"
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sexism
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the subordination of one sex, usually female, based on the assumed superiority of the other sex
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"subordination, superiority"
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sexual orientation
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a person’s preference for emotional-sexual relationships with members of the opposite sex (heterosexuality), the same sex (homosexuality), or both (bisexuality)
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"hetero-, homo-, bi-"
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transsexual
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a person who believes that he or she was born with the body of the wrong sex
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"born... wrong"
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transvestite
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a male who lives as a woman or a female who lives as a man but does not alter the genitalia
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"does not alter..."
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gendered institutions
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Structures that have been believed to contribute to and perpetuate gender inequality that is outside the individual
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neither gender is more dominant because neither sex has the ability to provide all the food necessary for survival
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Hunting and Gathering Societies
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Suttee
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the sacrificing of a widow upon her husband's death
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"widow"
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the division of labor in families and the workplace results from male control of and dominance over women and resources
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Conflict Perspective
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liberal feminism
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The belief that the root of women's oppression lie's in women's lack of equal civil rights and educational opportunities
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civil rights & educational oppor.
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radical feminism
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The belief that male domination causes all forms of human oppression, including racism and classism is called
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male domination
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socialist feminism
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The belief that women's oppression results from their dual roles as paid and unpaid workers in a capitalist economy
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dual roles
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In postindustrial society more than ________ of adult women are in the workforce
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60%
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________ is a surgical procedure performed on young girls as a method of sexual control
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genital mutilation
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characteristics of the gender role of men
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strong, rational, dominant, independent, less concerned with appearance
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characteristics of the gender role of women
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weak, emotional, nurturing, dependent, anxious about appearance
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the three factors of the "Gendered Division of Labor"
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1.Type of subsistence base
2.Supply of and demand for labor 3.The extent to which women's child-rearing activities are compatible with certain types of work |
S, S&D, C-R
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Agents of Gender Socialization
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Parents/Family-clothing, toys,
household chores Peers-relationships Religion-spirituality & beliefs Teachers and schools-lectures, favoritism Sports[social institutions]-boys football (training ground for masculinity) girls:cheerleaders, drill team, homecoming queens Mass Media-male char.:aggressive, constructive, direct female char.: manipulative |
PPRT/SSMM
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division of family labor ensures that important societal tasks will be fulfilled
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Functionalist Perspective
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neither gender is more dominant because neither sex controls the food supply; BUT, social practices, such as: polygamy and bridewealth, promotes male dominance
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Horticultural & Pastoral Societies
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Agrarian Societiesgender inequality and male dominance becomes institutionalized, due to the dependence on animal-drawn or mechanically powered plows and equipment
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Agrarian Societies
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Four practices in agrarian societies that contribute to the subordination of women
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1. Purdah
2. Footbinding 3. Suttee 4. Genital mutilation |
PFSGm
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Purdah[Hindu & Muslims]-
the seclusion of women, extreme modesty in apparel & the visible subordination of women to men (i.e. walking behind men, speaking only when spoken to, eating only after men finish their meal) |
Purdah
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[China]-
toes of young girls bent under and continually bound tighter to the soles of their feet extreme pain (as toenails grow into their feet) serious infections (due to lack of blood circulation) |
Footbinding
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-a surgical procedure performed on
young girls as a method of sexual control justified: "these procedures ensure the chastity of women before marriage, and ensure that they have no extramarital affairs after marriage" females: maimed or died from hemorrhage, infection, or other complications |
Genital Mutilation
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As societies industrialize, the staus of
women tends to decline further ex.: "men's work" & "women's work", and pay differentials |
Industrial Societies
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Division of labor in paid employment
is increasingly based on whether people provide or apply info. or are employed in service jobs such as fast-food counter help or health care workers formal education (for both men & women) is increasingly crucial for economic and social success |
Postindustrial Societies
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the "second shift"
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dual responsibilities for paid and unpaid work
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"the sandwich generation"
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women caught between the needs of their young children and of their elderly relatives
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Traditional marriage
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where men and women perform traditional jobs based on gender
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Transitional marriage
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primary gender roles are traditional, but it is O.K. for slight differentiation
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Egalitarian marriage
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everything chosen without regard to gender
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