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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Construct |
Something created by attitudes/actions/interpretations of members of society |
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Stephen Wagg - Childhood is a social construct and no ......... ........... covers it |
universal definition |
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Pilcher (1995) |
Modern Western childhood - seperate status |
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Punch (2013) |
Bolivia child labour - 20% of workforce made up of children who are legally able to work at 10 (some as young as still 7 work) |
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Firth (1970) |
Cross cultural differences in Tikopia (link to Punch) - disapline |
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Globalisation - Western norms of childhood |
- seperate status - no economic role - children innocent/vulnerable/dependent - based on nuclear family/school |
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critisisms of the globalisation of western childhood |
- ethnicentric - oppourtunity of oppression - removes cultural diversity |
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Aries (1960) |
Children in the middle ages - analysis of historical documents/paintings/diaries show childhood didnt exist in middle ages - ‘minature adults’ completed household chores/faced same laws etc |
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Critisisms of Aries’ research |
- Pollock (1983) - wrong to say it didnt exist - was just a different notion to today - not representative - ethnocentric - qualitative data - subjective |
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Postman (1994) |
Printing press (link to Aries) - childhood didnt exist as children were exposed to the same info adults were theough town speakers (no censorship) - invention of printing press lead to information heirarchy (distinction of knowlede between adults and children) - notion of childhood constructed through literature |
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Modern cult of childhood (Aries) |
factors leading to it: - school -church - clothing - childrearing handbooks |
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Reasons for change in children’s social position |
- industrialisation - children act (1989) - decline in family size |
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March progress view of childhood |
society became more child centred and is better than it has ever been |
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critisism of march progress view |
Palmer (2006) - toxic childhood/electronic babysitters |
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conflict view - inequalities amongst children |
- LEDC’s - social class - Woodroffe (1993) and Howard (2001) - gender - Hillman (1993) and Bonke (1999 - bedroom culture) |
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inequalities between adults and children |
Firestone (1979) and Holt (1974) (child liberationism) - childhood characterised by oppression by adults |
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Ways adults control children: |
- neglect/abuse - time - space - bodies - access to resources |
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age patriarchy |
Gittins (1998) - adult domination |
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Postman (1994) - Future of Childhood |
disappearing - breakdown of info hierarchy due to intro of television |
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Jenks (1994) - Childhood in postmodernity |
unstable society - increased protection - seperate status remains |
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Criticisms of Jenks |
- small sample - not representative - may not generalise to boys/girls lower/middle class |
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New Sociology of Childhood |
Mayall (2004) - ‘adultist view point’ Smart Mason and Tipper (2008) - research should involve children |
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Fictive Kin |
Children create own definition of who is family |
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Children’s Act (1989) |
- welfare checklist - parental responsibility - care/supervision orders - duty to investigate incidences of harm |
