Sociology Chapter One And Two

Front 1

Sociology

Back 1

The systematic study of human groups and their interactions

Front 2

Sociological Perspective

Back 2

A view of society based on the dynamic relationship between individuals and the larger social network in which we all live.

Front 3

Personal troubles result from _________________

Back 3

Individual challenges that require individual solutions

Front 4

Social issues result from _________________

Back 4

Larger social factors that require collective solutions

Front 5

Quality of Mind ( MILLS)

Back 5

The ability to view personal circumstances within a social context

Front 6

Sociological Imagination ( MILLS )

Back 6

Ability to perceive how dynamic social forces influence individual life

Front 7

Ascribed Status

Back 7

Attributes ( advantages and disadvantages) that are assigned at birth

Front 8

Achieved Status

Back 8

Attributes developed throughout life as a result of effort and skills ( course grades)

Front 9

Positivism

Back 9

A theoretical approach that considers all understanding to be based on science

Front 10

Macro-sociology

Back 10

The study of society as a whole

Born in Europe

Front 11

Micro-sociology

Back 11

Focus on individuals

Born in America

Front 12

Symbolic Interactionism

Back 12

A perspective asserting that people and societies are defined and created through the interactions of individuals

Front 13

Political Economy

Back 13

Interactions of politics, government, and social and cultural constitution of markets, institutions and actors

Front 14

Organic Analogy

Back 14

The belief that society is like and organism ( body) with interdependent and interrelated parts

Front 15

2 Key Elements of Functionalism

Back 15

1) Social world is a dynamic system of interrelated and interdependent parts

2) Social structures exist to help people fulfill their wants and desires as defined by social values

Front 16

Social Facts

Back 16

General social features that exist on their own and are independent of individual manifestations

Front 17

Manifest Functions

Back 17

Intended consequences of an action or social pattern

( doing well after studying for a test)

Front 18

Latent Functions

Back 18

Unintended consequences of an action or social pattern

( meeting future partner while attending class)

Front 19

Dysfunction

Back 19

A process or element of society that creates a disruption or instability in social pattern

Front 20

Natural / Physical Inequality ( Rousseau)

Back 20

Inequality based on physical differences established by nature

Front 21

Moral / Political Inequality ( Rousseau )

Back 21

Inequality based on classification of valuable things

Front 22

Relations of production ( MARX )

Back 22

Relationship between workers and owners

Front 23

Prolerarait

Back 23

The workers

Front 24

Bourgeoise

Back 24

The rich owner

Front 25

Exploitation

Back 25

The difference between what workers are paid and the wealth they create for the owner

Front 26

Alienation

Back 26

Marxist concept to describe the process by which workers lack connection to what they produce and become separated from themselves and other workers

Front 27

False Consciousness

Back 27

Belief and support of the system that oppresses you

Front 28

Class Consciousness

Back 28

The opposite of false consciousness, recognition of domination and oppression and a collective action to address it

Front 29

Thomas Theorem

Back 29

The assertion that what people define as real are real in their consequences

Front 30

Verstehen ( Weber )

Back 30

A deep understanding and interpretation of subjective social meanings

Front 31

Sympathetic Introspection ( Cooley)

Back 31

Concept of value and putting yourself in someone else's shoes and seeing the world as they do

Front 32

Looking Glass Self ( Cooley )

Back 32

Belief that we develop our self-image from the cues we receive by others

Front 33

Hegemony

Back 33

Domination through ideological control and consent

Front 34

Domination

Back 34

Direct physical and violent coercion using strong arm of state ( no consent)

Front 35

Discourse

Back 35

A system of meaning that governs how we think, act, and speak about particular things or issues

Front 36

Discipline

Back 36

The means by which we become motivated to produce particular realities

Front 37

Globalization

Back 37

World wide process, involving the production, distribution, and consumption of technological, political, economical and sociocultural goods and services

Front 38

Karl Marx

Back 38

• Economist, historian, philosopher,

• Sees class conflict as driving force of history,

• Calls for abolition of capitalism

Front 39

Emile Durkheim

Back 39

• Witnessed rapid social change and profound loosening of the social bond between the individual and society

• Recognizes the importance of “society” as an object of study

Front 40

Auguste Comte

Back 40

• Coined the term Sociology

Front 41

C.W. Mills

Back 41

• Coined term Social Imagination and recognizes the differences between personal troubles and social issues

Front 42

Age of Revolutions

Back 42

Context of a radical rupture between traditional society and the modern age

Front 43

Age of Scientific Revolution

Back 43

• Auguste Comte 1798 – 1857

• Sociology is A new way of looking at the world / a new science

Front 44

Age of Industrial Revolution

Back 44

• Urbanization occurs in European countries

• Lots of factories, lots of jobs

• Social problems occur: soaring crime rates, disease, poverty, unregulated labour, child labour, chimney sweep children

• Sociologists were trying to figure out and understand these problems

Front 45

Age of Political Revolution

Back 45

• Who has the power today? We the people!

• However throughout history the king held power and he was only below God

• Think French Revolution

Front 46

Age of Enlightenment

Back 46

• Sweeping of religion, traditional thought, and social organization,

• New belief that science is the new thing / the way to go

• There is an importance on rational thought in an individual

Front 47

John Locke

Back 47

La Tabula Rasa / The Blank Slate

• Locke believed that we as people learn through experiences rather than by how god made us

• Changed the earlier ideas on how we are born into this world • Nurture over Nature

Front 48

Enlightenment

Back 48

Moving fast,

Everything is great,

Yay progress,

Front 49

Counter Enlightenment

Back 49

Slowing down,

taking time,

moving with discretion

Front 50

Thomas Hobbes

Back 50

• Wrote Leviathan

• Proposed basic question of how society is possible and how do we more or less get along

• The most basic human fear? Being alone

• He believed that life without community is no life at all

Front 51

Hobbes Natural State

Back 51

A time when there is no community (refer to themovie castaway)

Front 52

Social Contract

Back 52

Agree to get along

Front 53

Veil of Ignorance

Back 53

Message is fix things slowly because the world does not work for everyone