Sociology Chapter 8

Front 1

Has the U.S. achieved any significant degree of racial integration?

Back 1

NO

Front 2

Sociohistorical Context: Does fear concerning immagrants entering the country exist present day?

Back 2

YES

Front 3

Dimensions of the Problem:
Disproportionately high numbers of what racial groups live in poverty?

Back 3

African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans

Front 4

DImension of the Problem:
What factors are characteristic of regions where minorities live in social isolation?

Back 4

High dropout rates, chronic unemployment, crime, substandard housing, and violence are unfortunate norms.

Front 5

DImension of the Problem:
What types of incidents of violence do minorities encounter?

Back 5

Violence against minorities occur by the thousands each year.
Include home or store firebombings, shootings, vandalism, riots.

Front 6

DImension of the Problem:
What did the report To Rebulid Is Not Enough find regarding the LA Riots?

Back 6

Race was the center of the incident: White officers and Black victims.

Front 7

Institutional Discrimination:
What assumption may drive this type of discrimination?

Back 7

May flow from dominant group's assumption about the abilities and role of a minority group
Ex. A white child growing up in the south does not need to be taught prejudice against African Americans

Front 8

Education:
Does the education system provide equal schooling for all children?

Back 8

The country seeks to provide equal schooling. Despite the importance the system provides schooling of variable quality to different children.

Front 9

Education: What was once the most utilized solution to ending segregation in schools?

Back 9

Busing.

Front 10

Education: What did the Coleman Report (1996) find?

Back 10

Suprising conclusion that social class backgrounds(not different schools or teachers) caused racial differences in educational achievement

Front 11

Education: What are the results of busing in relation to effectiveness and minority students achievement?

Back 11

Mixed results
In desegregated schools, minority students achievement did improve (due to desegergation)

Front 12

Employment: How does the income of minorities compare to that of Whites?

Back 12

Lags behind. Income gap is higher than ever between Whites and Blacks/Hispanics.

Front 13

Employment: What did the Civil Rights Act (1964) mandate in relation to hiring practices?

Back 13

Mandate that prospective employers demonstrate equal opportunity hiring practices.

Front 14

Civil Rights Movement: What were the conservative beliefs in relation to affirmative action? What did proponents believe

Back 14

conservative critics complained that civil rights legislation intended to create "numbers game" or quota system
Proponents insisted that such preference was necessary to create a "level playing field" to offset institutional discrimination.

Front 15

Housing: Worst housing is concentrated among what groups?

Back 15

poor and minorities subject to discrimination

Front 16

Housing: What groups usually live in cities? What groups usually live in suburbs?

Back 16

Cities - Blacks and Hispanics

Suburbs - Whites

Front 17

Housing: Has racial isolation changed?

Back 17

Yes it is coming more extreme than before.

Front 18

Justice: Does the legal system provide equal justice to all human beings in the U.S. ? Who suffers as a result of the existing biases?

Back 18

U.S. ideal of equal treatment for all under the law, but in reality, legal system is flawed becuase it is administrated by biased people.

Poor minoirity have been disproportionately repersented in arrest, convinctions, imprisonment

Front 19

Justice: Disparities exist throughout criminal justice system

Back 19

Tendency of police to arrest minority members more than others

Tendency of judges to set high bail, results in them staying in jail beofre trial

Difficulty poor have in paying bail

Poor quality court appointend legal defense

Juries ten to be overrepersented by higher social class

Longer sentences than dominant group

Front 20

Minority Groups Today:
What group is the most disadvantaged group in the U.S.? What do they have the highest rates in?

Back 20

Native Americans

Highest dropout, unemployment, and poverty rates

Front 21

Minority Groups Today: What two distinct worlds do native-born African Americans live in presently? How has education gap between blacks and whites changed over the decades?

Back 21

Worlds
First: consists of working or middle class people, who tend to make about 1/4 less than whites with comparable education

Second: people who live in poverty

Closed among adults aged 25 and older - black dropout rate among persons 16-24 declined from 16% in 1980 to 10.9% in 2002

Front 22

Minority Groups Today: What group has now became the the nation's largest minority group? How do _______ compare to blacks in relation to povery rates and family income?

Back 22

Hispanics are now the nations largest minority group

Hispanics fare worse than blacks in poverty rate but exceed them in family income

Front 23

Asian Americans constitute what percent of the population? They are often referred to as what term?

Back 23

4% of the U.S. population

"Model Minority" because their education and earning surpass all U.S. groups including Whites

Front 24

INS apprehends approximately how many illegal aliens every year? What is the most frequent complain in relation to illegal aliens residing in U.S.? What do proponents argue?

Back 24

Apprehend over 1.3 million illegal aliens every year

That they do not pay taxes

Proponents argue that they take jobs no one else wants and helps economy through their consumerism

Front 25

Sociological Perspective: Functionalist

Back 25

social equilibrium can be upset either by rapid social change or by dysfunctions occuring within certain groups that also affect society

Stress that most effective method of resolving these problems is to put social system back into balance

Front 26

Sociological Perspective: Conflict

Back 26

Examine hoe economic competition breed prejudice

Economic exploitation

Institutional discrimination reinforces the dominant groups misperception of the inferiority of the subordinate groups

Front 27

Sociological Perspective: Interactionist

Back 27

When dominant and minority groups share similar values, apperance, and lifestyle interrealationships tend to be harmonious

Stress that interation could lead to understanding