Sociology Chapter 6

Front 1

any transgression of socially established norms

Back 1

social deviance

Front 2

the violation of laws enacted by society

Back 2

crime

Front 3

social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a day-to-day basis

Back 3

social cohesion

Front 4

social cohesion based on sameness

Back 4

mechanical or segmental solidarity

Front 5

social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of the parts

Back 5

organic solidarity

Front 6

those mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals

Back 6

social control

Front 7

mechanisms of social control by which rules or laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior

Back 7

formal social sanctions

Front 8

the usually unexpressed but widely know rules of group membership, the unspoken rules of social life

Back 8

informal social sanctions

Front 9

how well you are integrated into your social group or community

Back 9

social integration

Front 10

the number of rules guiding your daily life and, more specifically, what you can reasonable expect from the world on a day-to-day basis

Back 10

social regulation

Front 11

suicide that occurs when one is not well integrated int a social group

Back 11

egoistic suicide

Front 12

suicide that occurs when one experiences too much social integration

Back 12

altruistic suicide

Front 13

a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable; too little social regulation

Back 13

anomie

Front 14

suicide that occurs as a result of too little social regulation

Back 14

anomic suicide

Front 15

suicide that occurs as a result of too much social regulation

Back 15

fatalistic suicide

Front 16

Merton's theory that deviance occurs when a society does not give all its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals

Back 16

strain theory

Front 17

accepts both goals and means; ex.-college student

Back 17

conformist

Front 18

rejects goals, accepts means; ex.-going to college for other reasons than jobs, parents make you

Back 18

ritualist

Front 19

accepts goals, rejects means; ex.-job right out of high school, work their way up

Back 19

innovator

Front 20

reject both goals and means; ex.- homeless person (assuming they chose this)

Back 20

retreatist

Front 21

rejects both goals and means, also seeks to fundamentally change society; ex.-social/political activist

Back 21

rebel

Front 22

a microlevel theory in which shared meaning, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions

Back 22

symbolic interactionism

Front 23

the belief that individuals subconsciously notice how other see or label them, and their reactions to those labels, over time, for the basis of their self-identity

Back 23

labeling theory

Front 24

the first act of rule-breaking that may incur a label of deviant and thus influence how people thing about and act toward you

Back 24

primary deviance

Front 25

subsequent acts of rule-breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and people's expectations of you

Back 25

secondary deviance

Front 26

a negative social label that not only change your behavior toward a person but also alter that person's own self-concept and social identity

Back 26

stigma

Front 27

theory explaining how social context and social cues impact whether individuals act deviantly: specifically, whether local, informal social norms allow deviant acts

Back 27

broken window theory of deviance

Front 28

crime committed in public and often associated with violence, gangs, and poverty

Back 28

street crime

Front 29

offense committed by a professional(s) against a corporation agency, or other institutions

Back 29

white-collar crime

Front 30

a particular type of white-collar crime committed by the officers (CEO and other executives) of a corporation

Back 30

corporate crime

Front 31

philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits

Back 31

deterrence theory

Front 32

when an individual who have been involved with the criminal justice system reverts back to criminal behavior

Back 32

recidivism

Front 33

an institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day-to-day life; no barriers exist between the usual spheres of daily life, and all activity occurs in the same place and under the same single authority

Back 33

total institution

Front 34

a circular building composed of an inner ring and an outer ring designed to serve as a prison in which the detainees can always be seen and the observer, housed in the inner ring, is hidden from those being observed

Back 34

panopticon