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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sociology
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the systematic and scientific study of human behavior, social groups, and society
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Sociological Imagination
C. Wright Mills |
a quality of mind that proieds an understanig of ourselves within the context of the larger society
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Globalization
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the interconnectedness abound people around the world
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Critical Thinking
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objectively assessing ideas, statements, and information
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Sociological Thinking
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asking questions and questioning answers
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Mass Media
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forms of communication that transmit standardized messages to widespread goods, radio, television, and most ion pictures
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Technomedia
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the newer and more personalized information technologies
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Positivism
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the use of observations, comparisons, experimentation, and the historical method to analyze society
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Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
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first to study sociology
coined the term "Sociology" |
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Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)
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translated Comte's texts into English
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Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
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"Social Darwinism"- the fittest in society should survive
anti-welfare and aid to poor |
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Karl Marx (1818-1883)
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Described capitalism as a 2-class system:
*Proletariat- the working class (work for bourgeoisie) *Bourgeoisie- the owners (own the means of production) * Marx said that people in capitalism societies suffered form alienation because individuals could not control their labor (workers became like machines) |
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Émile Durkheim (1858-1917)
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* concerned with the transition form traditional to modern society. Asked, How will society stay together?
* Mechanical Solidarity- when individuals are very similar and share similar values * Organic Solidarity- when individuals do specialized work, but are interdependent * Anomie- a state of normlessness * Increased anime occurred in the transition form religious to secular societies |
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Max Weber (1864-1920)
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* thought sociology should be value-free (focus on the empirical rather than the normative)
* said sociologist should attempt to attain Verstehen (of empathetic understanding) of those they study * Ideal Type- systematically observing the general characteristics of something and distilling those to their essence |
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Verstehen
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empathetic understanding
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Ideal Type
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a conceptual model or typology constructed form the direct observation of a number of specific cases and representing the essential qualities found in those cases
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Pure Sociology
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the study of society in an effort to understand and explain the natural laws that govern its evolution
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Applied Sociology
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uses sociological principles, social ideals, and ethical consideration to improve society
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Theoretical Perspective
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a viewpoint of particular way of looking at things
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Paradigms
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sets of assumptions and ideas that guide research question, methods of analysis and interpretation, and the development o theory
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Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
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views social meaning as arising though the process of social interaction
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The Looking Glass-Self
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your self concept is a reflection of how you are perceive by others
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The Definition of the Situation
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the idea that "if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences"
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Dramaturgical Analysis
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uses the analyze of the theater to analyze social behavior
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Labeling Approach
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contends that people attach various labels to contain behaviors, individuals, and groups that become part of their social identity and shape others' attitudes about the responses to them
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Structural Functionalist Perspective
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views society as a system of interdependent and interrelated parts
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Manifest Functions
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the anticipated or intended consequences of social institutions
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Latent Functions
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the unintended or unrecognized consequences of social institutions
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Conflict Perspective
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views society as composed of diverse groups with conflicting values and interests
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Feminist Theory
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studies, analyzes, and explains social phenomena from a gender-focused perspective
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