Sociology Chapter 3

Front 1

is the symbols, values, norms, and material

objects that societies create

Back 1

culture

Front 2

is culture passing from one generation to next

Back 2

cultural transmission

Front 3

consists of physical items that we use

Back 3

material culture

Front 4

consists of the non-physical products of society such as values and beliefs

Back 4

nonmaterial culture

Front 5

are things that represent, suggest, or stand for something else

Back 5

symbols

Front 6

is a system of spoken and or written symbols used to convey meaning and to communicate

Back 6

language

Front 7

is a hypothesis that the structure of a language determines the native speakers perception and categorization of experience

Back 7

the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Front 8

are symbols we make using our bodies, such as facial expressions, hand movements, eye contact and other types of body language

Back 8

gestures

Front 9

are a part of society's nonmaterial culture that

represent cultural standards by which we

determine what is good or bad, right or wrong

Back 9

values

Front 10

are culturally defined rules for appropriate

social behavior

Back 10

norms

Front 11

is a reward for following a norm or a punishment for violating it

Back 11

sanction

Front 12

are informal types of norms that are not strictly enforced

Back 12

folkways

Front 13

are formal norms that are enforced through

social institutions

Back 13

laws

Front 14

are norms that represent a community's most important values

Back 14

mores

Front 15

are elements that are common to all human

culutres worldwide

Back 15

cultural universals

Front 16

is usually but not always practised by the

majority and controls many of social institutions

Back 16

dominant culture

Front 17

is a subset of the dominant culture that has

distinct values, beliefs, and norms

Back 17

subculture

Front 18

is a group with values and norms that are in opposition to the dominant cultures values and norms

Back 18

counterculture

Front 19

occurs when a person uses his or her own culture to judge another culture

Back 19

ethnocentrism

Front 20

refers to the fear and hostility toward people who are from other countries or cultures

Back 20

xenophobia

Front 21

is perceiving other groups or societies as superior to your own

Back 21

xenocentrism

Front 22

means making a deliberate effort to appreciate a group's way of life without prejudice.

Back 22

cultural relativism

Front 23

occurs when a person encounters a culture

foreign to his own and has an emotional

response to the differences between the cultures

Back 23

culture shock

Front 24

refers to the 'shrinking' of the world through immediate electronic communications

Back 24

global village

Front 25

refers to global situations in which powerful

culture industries located almost exclusively in the West, in particular USA, dominate other local, national, and regional cultures.

Back 25

cultural imperialism

Front 26

occurs when something is deliberately changed or made to produce something new

Back 26

invention

Front 27

occurs when we better understand or observe something that already exists

Back 27

discovery

Front 28

occurs when an item or a method of doing things is transmitted from one culture to another

Back 28

diffusion

Front 29

occurs when social and cultural changes occurs at a slower pace than technological changes

Back 29

cultural lag

Front 30

is the process by which a group reclaims ---

re-appropriates terms or objects that were previously used in a negative way toward that group.

Back 30

re-appropriation

Front 31

the slur gay, once an insult, is now considered to be preferred to homosexual

this change is called

Back 31

re-appropriation

Front 32

Chinatown, little italy, and little india are examples of

Back 32

subcultures