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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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- the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
- develops our humanity as well as our particular personalities - is a matter of nurture rather than nature |
socialization
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a person's fairly consistent patterns of acting thinking and feeling
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personality
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Sigmund Freud's model of the human personality:
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- id
- superego - ego |
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Freud's term for the human being's basic drives
- example: innate, pleasure-seeking human drives |
id
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Freud's term for a person's conscious effects to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives with the demands of society
- example: our efforts to balance innate, pleasure-seeking drives and the demands of society |
ego
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Frued's term for the cultural values and norms internalized by an individual
- example: the demands of society in the form of internalized values and norms |
superego
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Jean Piaget believed that human development involves both biological maturation and gaining social experience. He identifies four stages of cognitive development:
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- sensorimotor stage
- preoperational stage - concrete operational stage - formal operational stage |
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Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals experience the world only through their senses
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sensorimotor stage
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Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals first use language and other symbols
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preoperational stage
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Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals first see causal connections in their surroundings
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concrete operational stage
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Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals think abstractly and critically
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formal operational stage
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Geogre Herbert Mead's term for the part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self-image
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self
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cooley's term for a self-image based on how we think others see us
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looking glass self
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people, such as parents, who have special importance for socialization
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significant others
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George Herbert Mead's term for widespread cultural norms and values we use as references in evaluating ourselves
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generalized other
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a social group whose members have interests, social position, and age in common
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peer group
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learning that helps a person achieve a desired position
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anticipatory socialization
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- the means for delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience
- has a huge impact on socialization in modern, high-income societies - often reinforces stereotypes about gender and race - exposes people to a great deal of violence |
mass media
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the study of aging and the elderly
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gerontology
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a form of social organization in which the elderly have the most wealth, power, and prestige
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gerontocracy
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prejudice and discrimination against older people
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ageism
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a category of people with something in common, usually their age
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cohort
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a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by an administrative staff
- examples: prisons, mental hospitals, and monasteries |
total institution
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radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully controlling the environment: two-part process
- breaking down inmates' existing identity - building a new self through a system of rewards and punishments |
resocialization
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