Sociology Chapter 3

Front 1

Specalized language used by members of a group or subculture

Back 1

Argot

Front 2

The use of two or more languages in a particular setting such as workplace or schoolroom, treating each language as equally legitimate

Back 2

bilingualism

Front 3

a subculture that delibratley opposes certain aspects of the larger culture

Back 3

counterculture

Front 4

the viewing of people's behavior from the persepctive of their own culture

Back 4

culture relativism

Front 5

a common practice or belief found in every culture

Back 5

culture universal

Front 6

the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior

Back 6

culture

Front 7

a period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is struggling to adapt to new material conditions

Back 7

culture lag

Front 8

the feeling of suprise and disorientation that people experience when they encounter cultural practices that are different from their own

Back 8

cultural shock

Front 9

the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society

Back 9

diffusion

Front 10

the process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality

Back 10

discovery

Front 11

a set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social,economic, and political intrests

Back 11

dominant ideology

Front 12

the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others

Back 12

ethnocentrism

Front 13

a norm governing everyday behavior whose violation raises comparatively little concern

Back 13

folkway

Front 14

a norm that has been written down and that specifies strict punishments for violators

Back 14

formal norm

Front 15

a norm that is generally understood but not preciesly recorded

Back 15

informal norm

Front 16

the process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture through discovery or invention

Back 16

innovation

Front 17

the combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before

Back 17

invention

Front 18

an abstract system of word meaning and symbols for all aspect of culture; includes gestures and other nonverbal communication

Back 18

language

Front 19

governmental social control

Back 19

law

Front 20

the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives

Back 20

material culture

Front 21

norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society

Back 21

mores

Front 22

ways of using material objects, as well as customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication

Back 22

nonmaterial culture

Front 23

an established standard of behavior maintained by a society

Back 23

norm

Front 24

a penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm

Back 24

sanction

Front 25

a hypothesis concerning the role of language in shaping our interpretation of reality. it holds the language is culturally determined

Back 25

sapir- whorf hypothesis

Front 26

a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relativley independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture

Back 26

society

Front 27

the systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior

Back 27

sociobiology

Front 28

a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society

Back 28

subculture

Front 29

cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires

Back 29

technology

Front 30

a collective conception of what is considered good,desirable, and proper - or bad, undeseirable, and improper culture

Back 30

value