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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that are shared by members of a society |
Culture |
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A specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture |
Society |
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Innate (unlearned) patterns of behavior |
Instincts |
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Automatic reaction to physical stimulus |
Reflex |
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Impulse to reduce discomfort |
Drive |
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The study of the biology basis of human behavior |
Sociobiology |
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A thing that stands for or represents something else |
Symbols |
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Theory stating that our idea of reality depends largely upon language |
Hypothesis of linguistic relativity |
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Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior |
Norms |
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Norms that lack moral significance |
Folkways |
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Norms that have moral dimensions and should be followed by members of the society |
Mores |
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A rule of behavior, the violations of which calls for strong punishment |
Taboo |
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A norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials |
Law |
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Rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms |
Sanctions |
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Sanctions imposed by persons given special authority |
Formal sanctions |
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Rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group |
Informal sanctions |
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Broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society |
Values |
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Beliefs, ideas, and knowledge that influence people's behavior |
Nonmaterial culture |
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Ideas about the nature of reality |
Beliefs |
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The concrete, tangible, objects of a culture |
Material culture |
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Cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept |
Ideal culture |
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Actual behavior patterns of members of a group |
Real culture |
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Groupings of persons who share a social characteristic |
Social categories |
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A group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important aspects |
Subculture |
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A subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture |
Counterculture |
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Judging others in terms of ones cultural standards |
Ethnocentrism |
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General cultural traits that exist in all cultures |
Cultural universals |
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The ways in which a culture expresses universal traits |
Cultural particulars |
