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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Concept |
An abstract idea expressed as a word or phrase |
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Variable |
A categorical concept for properties of people or things that can differ and change |
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Deductive reasoning |
A theory driven approach that typically concludes with generalizations based on research findings |
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Inductive reasonings |
A data driven approach that begins with observations and ends in theory construction |
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Exploratory research |
Explores an area of interest that very little is known about |
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Descriptive research |
Describes features and characteristics of a group, event, activity, or situation |
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Explanatory research |
Clarifies aspects of a particular social phenomenon |
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Evaluation research |
Assesses the need for or effectiveness of a social program |
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Empowerment research |
Examines social settings and conditions to identify key issues and involves stakeholders for the purpose of improvement |
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Participatory action research |
A field method involving participants in research that is designed to result in particular outcome |
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Operationalization |
The process whereby variables are defined in a precise manner that is measurable |
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Reliability |
There is consistency in the measure for a variable of interest |
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Validity |
A measure is a good indicator of the intended concept |
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Hypothesis |
A testable research statement that includes at least two variables |
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Research design |
A detailed outline of all of the proposed components of a study |
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Data analysis |
Compilation of observations into a format that helps us learn more about the research problem |
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Debriefing |
The later disclosure of all relevant details in cases where research participants cannot be told all of the information ahead of time |
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Qualitative method |
A method employed to better understand social phenomena using inductive reasoning and non numerical data |
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Quantative method |
A method employed to test hypotheses based on deductive reasoning and numerical data |
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Grounded theory |
A systematic strategy for moving from specific observations to general conclusions about discourses, actions, interactions, and practices |
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Rigour |
Trustworthiness of a qualitative research process and the data collected |
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Triangulation |
The use of multiple data gathering techniques within the same study |
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Experiment |
A deductive research method for testing a hypothesis through the use of a carefully controlled environment and random assignment to conditions |
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Independent variable |
The presumed cause or variable that is manipulated in an experiment |
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Control group |
Participants in an experiment who are not exposed to the independent variable |
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Dependent variable |
The outcome or variable that is measured in an experiment |
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Survey |
A method of gathering opinions using a questionnaire |
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Respondents |
Persons who consent to provide survey answers |
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Representative sample |
A group that closely approximates the population of interest |
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Interview |
A verbal question and answer technique used for obtaining information on a topic of interest |
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Secondary analysis of existing data |
A research method used to examine information on a topic of interest that was collected or created by someone other than the researcher for an unrelated purpose |
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Content analysis |
A secondary analysis technique used to systematically examine messages contained in a text or portrayed in images |
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Discourse analysis |
The use of multiple methods to critically examine the ways in which language is used to convey social constructions and social relations |
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Historical analysis |
The examination and interpretation of historical forms of data |
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Ethnography |
Fieldwork designed to describe everyday behaviour in natural settings |
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Systematic observations |
A naturalistic but nonparticipatory method for collecting data on a social group or process |
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Participant observation |
A naturalistic method for collecting systematic data while taking part in a social group or process |
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Single case design |
Case study research that focuses on only one person, organization, event, or program as the unit of analysis, as emphasized by the research objectives |
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Convergent design |
Employs at least one qualitative and one quantative method at the same time in order to compare different perspectives as part of the overall data integration |
