Sociology Chapter 2 Flashcards

Front 1

Two basic requirements for sociological investigation

Back 1

*know how to apply sociological perspective
* Be curious and ask questions about the world around you

Front 2

a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation- is one form of truth.

Back 2

Science

Front 3

Studies society by systematically observing social behavior

Back 3

positivist sociology

Front 4

is also called scientific sociology

Back 4

positivist sociology

Front 5

focuses on the meaning that people attach to behavior

Back 5

interpretive sociology

Front 6

Weber's concept of Verstehen refers to what?

Back 6

it refers to learning how people understand their world

Front 7

uses research to bring about social change

Back 7

critical sociology

Front 8

who founded critical orienraion, criticized scientific sociology as supporting the status quo?

Back 8

Marx

Front 9

what type of sociology is loosely linked to the structural- functional approach?

Back 9

positivist sociology

Front 10

what type of sociology is related to the symbolic-interaction approach?

Back 10

interpretive sociology

Front 11

What type of sociology corresponds to the social-conflict approach?

Back 11

critical sociology

Front 12

info we can verify with our senses

Back 12

empirical evidence

Front 13

the study of society based on systematic observation of social behavior

Back 13

positivist sociology

Front 14

a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form

Back 14

concept

Front 15

a concept whose value changes from case to case

Back 15

variable

Front 16

a procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case

Back 16

measurement

Front 17

specifying exactly what is to be measured before assigning a value to a variable

Back 17

operationalize a variable

Front 18

consistency in measurement

Back 18

reliability

Front 19

actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure

Back 19

validity

Front 20

a relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another

Back 20

cause and effect

Front 21

the variable that causes the change

Back 21

independent variable

Front 22

the variable that changes

Back 22

dependent variable

Front 23

a relationship in which two or more variables change together

Back 23

correlation

Front 24

an apparent but false, relationship in which two (or more) variables that is caused by some other variable

Back 24

spuruous correlation

Front 25

holding constant all variables except one in order to see clearly the effect of that variable

Back 25

control

Front 26

personal neutrality in conducting research

Back 26

objectivity

Front 27

repetition of research by other investigators

Back 27

replication

Front 28

the study of society that focuses on the meanings people attatch to their social world

Back 28

interpretive sociology

Front 29

the study of society that focuses on the need for social change

Back 29

critical sociology

Front 30

in what five ways can gender affect research

Back 30

androcentricity, overgeneralizing, gender blindness, double standards, and interference

Front 31

what allows researchers to study cause and effect between two or more variables in a controlled setting?

Back 31

experiment

Front 32

Researchers conduct an experiment to test what?

Back 32

hypothesis

Front 33

what uses questionnaires or interviews to gather subjects' responses to a series of questions?

Back 33

survey research

Front 34

researchers join with people in a social setting for an extended period of time during what kind of observation?

Back 34

participant observation

Front 35

the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male.

Back 35

gender

Front 36

a systematic plan fro doing research

Back 36

research method

Front 37

a research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions

Back 37

experiment

Front 38

a statement of a possible relationship between two or more variables

Back 38

hypothesis

Front 39

a change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied

Back 39

Hawthorne effect

Front 40

a research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions on a questionnaire

Back 40

survey

Front 41

the people who are the focus of the research

Back 41

population

Front 42

a part of a population that represents the whole

Back 42

sample

Front 43

a series of questions a researcher presents to it's subjects

Back 43

questionnaire

Front 44

a series of questions a researcher asks respondents in person

Back 44

interview

Front 45

a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities

Back 45

participant observation

Front 46

reasoning that transforms specific observations into general theory

Back 46

inductive logical though

Front 47

reasoning that transforms general theory into specific hypotheses suitable for testing

Back 47

deductive logical thought