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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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social stratification
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the way society is organized in layers or strata
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vertical social mobility
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movement up or down the stratification system
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global inequality
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differences in the economic ranking countries
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crossnational variations in internal stratification
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differences between countries in their stratification systems
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Gini index
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measure of income inequality
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ascription-based stratification system
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stratification system in which the allocation of rank depends on the characteristics is born with
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achievement-based stratification system
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stratification system in which the allocation of rank depends on a person's achievements
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caste system
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an almost pure ascription-based stratification system in which occupation and marriage partners are assigned on the basis of caste membership
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apartheid time frame
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a caste system based on race that existed in SOuth Africa from 1948 until 1992.
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apartheid
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it consigned the large black majority to menial jobs, prevented marriage between blacks and whites, and erected separate public facilities for members of the two races. asians and people of "mixed race" enjoyed privileges between these two extremes.
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Karl Marx
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founder of conflict theory in sociology
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Karl Marx beleives
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capitalist growth would eventually produce a society in which there would be no more classes and therefore no more class conflict
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class
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determined by one's relationship to the means fo production, or the source of income
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bourgeoisie
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ownership class
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bourgeoisie means
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owners of the means of production, including factories, tools, and land; they do not do any physical labor; their income derives from profits
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proietariat
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working class
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proietariat means
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they perform physical labor but do not own means of production; they are in a position to earn wages
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class consciousness
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awareness of being a member of a class
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functional theory of stratification
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some jobs are more important than others
people have to make sacrifices to train for important jobs inequality is required to motivate people to undergo these sacrifices |
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class
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deteremined by one's market situation
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status groups
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different from one another in terms of the prestige or social honor they enjoy and in terms of their lifestyle
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parties
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organizations that seek to impose their will on others
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socioeconomic index (SEI) of occupational status
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an index developed by Blau and Duncan that combines for each occupation average earnings and years of education of men employed full time in the occupation
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Socioeconomic status (SES)
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combines income, education, and occupational prestige data in a single index of one's position in the socioeconomic hierarchy
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intragenerational mobility
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social mobility that occurs within a single generation
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intergenerational mobility
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social mobility that occurs between generations
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structural mobility
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social mobility that results from change in the distribution of occupations
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poverty rate
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the percentage of people living below the poverty threshold, which is three times the minimum food budget established by the US department of Agriculture
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