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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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deviance
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occurs when someone departs from a norm and evokes a reaction from others
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crime
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deviance that is against the law
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law
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a norm stipulated and enforced by government bodies
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sanctions
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actions indicating disapproval of deviance
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informal punishment
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a mild sanction that is imposed during face-to-face interaction, not by the judicial system
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stigmatized
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a marker that distinguishes some people from others and allows them to be negatively evaluated and treated
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formal punishment
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punishment that takes place when the judicial system penalizes someone for breaking the law
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social diversions
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minor acts of deviance such as participating in fads and fashions; it is a minor act of deviance that is generally perceived as relatively harmless and that evokes, at most, mild societal reaction such as amusement or distain
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social deviations
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noncriminal depatures from norms that are nonetheless subject to official control. some members of the public regard them as somewhat harmful, whereas other members of the public don't
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conflict crimes
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illegal acts that many people consider harmful to society and that other people think are not very harmful. such crimes are punishable by the state
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consensus crimes
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illegal acts that nearly all people agree are bad and ahrm society greatly. the state inflicts severe punishment for consensus crimes
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white-collar crimes
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illegal act committed by a respectable, high-status person in the course of work
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street crimes
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crimes that include arson, burglary, assault, and other illegal acts disproportionaltely commintted by people from lower classes
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victimless crimves
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cerimes that involve violations of the law in which no victim steps froward and is identified.
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self-report surveys
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repsondants are aksde to report their involvement in criminal activities, either as perpetrators or as victims
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motivational theories
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identify the social factors that drive people to deviance and crime
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constraint theories
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identify the social factors that impose deviance and crime (or conventional behavior) on people
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types of motivation theories
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strain theory
subcultural theory learning theory |
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types of constrand crimeaint theories
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labeling theory
control theory conflict theory of devianle |
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strain theory
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type of theory that holds people may turn to devinace when they experieince strain
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subcultural theory
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type of theory that argues that gangs are a collective adaptation on societal conditions. distinct norms and values that reflect the legitimate word crystallize in gangs
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techniques of neutralization
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the rationalizations that deviants and criminals use to justify their activiteis.
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differential association theory
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people learn to value deviant or nondeviant liefestyles depending on whether their social environment leads them to associate more with deviants or nondeviants
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labeling theory
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deviance reults not so much from the actions fo the deviant as from the response of others, who label the rule breaker a deviant
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master status
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one's overriding public identity
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control theory
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the rewards of deviance and crime are ample. therefore, everyone would engage in deviance and crime if they could get away with it, and the degree to which people are prevented from violating norms and laws accounts for variations in the level of deviance and crime
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conflict theories of devinance and crime
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category of theories which hold that deviance and crime arise out of the confilct between the powerful and the powerless
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medicalization of deviance
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the process by which medical definitions of deviant behavior are becoming more prevalent
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moral panic
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occurs when many people fervently believe that some form of deviance or crime poses a profound threat to society's well-being
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