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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bureaucracy
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large, impersonal organization composed of many clearly defined positions arranged in a hierarchy.
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bureaucracy staff
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it has permanent, salaried staff of qualified experts and written goals, rules, and procedures. staff members always try to find ways of running the organization more efficiently
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social network
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a bounded set of individuals who are linked by the exchange of material or emotional resourcs.
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type of social networks
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formal (defined in writing)
informal (defined only in practices) |
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dyad
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a social relationship between two nodes, or social units (people, firms, organizations, and countries)
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bureaucracy
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large, impersonal organization composed of many clearly defined positions arranged in a hierarchy.
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bureaucracy staff
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it has permanent, salaried staff of qualified experts and written goals, rules, and procedures. staff members always try to find ways of running the organization more efficiently
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social network
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a bounded set of individuals who are linked by the exchange of material or emotional resourcs.
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type of social networks
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formal (defined in writing)
informal (defined only in practices) |
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dyad
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a social relationship between two nodes, or social units (people, firms, organizations, and countries)
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triad
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a social relationship among three nodes, or social units (people, firms, organizations, and countries)
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social group
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a group that is composed of one or more networks of people who identify with one another and adhere to defined norms, roles, and statuses
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social category
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a category that is composed of people who share similar status but do not identify with one another
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primary groups
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groups in which norms, roles and statuses are agreed upon but are not put in writing.
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primary groups ties
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social interaction leads to strong emotional ties. it extends over a long period but involves a wide range of activites
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secondary groups
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groups that are larger and more impersonal than primary groups.
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secondary groups ties
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weaker emotional ties; extends over a shorter period and involves a narrow range of activites; passing acquaintance with one another.
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group think
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group pressure to confrim despite individual misgivings
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in-group
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composed of people who belong to a group
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out-group
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composed of people who are excluded from the in-group
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reference group
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group composed of people against whom an individual evaluates his or her situation or conduct
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formal organization
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secondary groups designed to achieve specific and explicit objectives
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dehumanization
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occurs when bureaucracies treat client as standard cases and personnel as cogs in a giant machine. this treatment frustrates clients and lowers worker morale
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bureaucratic ritualism
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a situation that involves bureaucrats becoming so preoccupied with rules and regulations that they make it difficult for the organizations to fulfill its goals
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bureaucratic ritualism
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a situation that involves bureaucrats becoming so preoccupied with rules and regulation that they make it difficult for the organization to fulfill its goals
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oligarchy
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rule by the few - bureaucracies have a supposed tendency fo power to become increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few people at the top of the organizational pyramid
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bureaucratic inertia
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the tendency of large, rigid bureaucracies to continue their policies even when their clients need change
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laissez-faire leadership
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a leadership style that allows subordinates to work things out largely on their own, with almost no direction from above. it is the least effective type of leadership
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authoritarian leadership
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leadership style that demands strict compliance from subordinates. most effective in a crisis such as a war or in the ER of a hospital
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democratic leadership
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leadership style that offers more guidance than the laissez-faire variety, but less control than the authoritarian type.
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democratic style
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include all group members in the decision-making process, taking the best ideas from teh group and molding them into a strategy with which all can identify. most effective leadership style
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organizational environment
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host of economic, political, cultural, and other factors that lie outside an organization and affect the way it works
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