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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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culture
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the sum of practices, languages, symbols, beliefs, values, ideologies, and material objects that people create to deal with real-life problems.
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culture enable
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people to adapt to and thrive in their environments
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high culture
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cultures consumed mainly by upper classes
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popular culture
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refers to a culture consumed by all classes
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mass culture
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a culture consumed by all classes
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society
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people who interact, usually in a defined territory, and share a culture
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abstraction is
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the first tool in the human cultural survival kit
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abstraction means
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the ability to create general ideas or ways of thinking that are not linked to particular instances
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symbols
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ideas that carry a particular meaning, including the components of language, mathematiclal notations, and signs
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cooperation means
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the human capacity to create a complex social life by establishing norms and values.
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cooperation is
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the second main tool in human cultural survival kit
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the tools in human cultural survival kit
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abstraction
cooperation production |
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norms
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generally accepted ways of doing things
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values
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ideas about what is right and wrong, good and bad, beautiful and ugly
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production is
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the third main tool in the human cultural survival kit
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production involves
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making and using tools and techniques that improve our ability to take what we want from nature
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material culture
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culture composed of tools and objects that enable people to get tasks accomplished
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types of norms
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folkways
mores taboos |
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nonmaterial culture
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culture composed of symbols, norms, and other nontangible elements of culture
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folkways
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relatively unimportant norm that many people prefer to uphold
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violation of folkway
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evokes mild punishment
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more
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a core norm that most people believe must be upheld.
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violation of a more
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evokes moderate harsh punishment
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taboos
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the strongest and most central norms
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violation of taboo
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causes revulsion in the community, and punsihment is severe
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language
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a system of symbols strung together to communicate thought
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Sapir-Whorf thesis
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holds that we experience certain things in our environment and from concepts about those things. we then develop language to express our concepts and finally language itself influences how we see the world
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ethnocentrism
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the tendency to judge other cultures exclusively by the standards of one's own
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multiculturalism
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the view that the curricula of America's public schools and colleges should reflect the country's ethnic and racial diversity and recognize the equality of all cultures
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cultural relativism
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the belief that all cultures have equal value
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rights revolution
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the process by which socially excluded groups have struggled to win equal rights under the law and in practice since 1960's
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globalization
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the process by which formerly separate economies, states, and cultures are becoming tied together and people are becoming increasingly aware of their growing interdependence
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postmodernism
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a style of thought characterized by an eclectic mixing of cultural elements and the erosion of authority and of consensus around core values
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cultural lag
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the tendency of symbolic culture to change more slowly than material culture
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rationalization
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the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals and the unintended, negative consequences of doing so
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consumerism
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the tendency to define oneself in terms of the goods one purchases
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subculture
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a set of distinctive values, norms, and practices within a larger culture
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counterculture refers
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subversive
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counterculture
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they oppose dominnat values and seek to replace them.
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