Sociology Ch.5

Front 1

Achieved status

Back 1

A social position that is attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.

Front 2

Agrarian society

Back 2

The most tehnologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are engaged primarily in the production of food, but increase their crop yield through technological innovations such as the plow.

Front 3

Ascribed status

Back 3

A social position that is assigned to a person by society ithout regard or the person's unique talents or characteristics

Front 4

Gemeinschaft

Back 4

A close-knit community, often found in rural areas, in whcih strong personal bonds unite members.

Front 5

Gesellschaft

Back 5

A community, often urban, that is large and impersonal, with little commitment to the group or consensus on values.

Front 6

Group

Back 6

Any number of people with siilar norms, values, adn expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis.

Front 7

Horticultural society

Back 7

A preindustrial society in which people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist on available foods.

Front 8

Hunting-and-gathering society

Back 8

A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods adn fibers are readily available in order to survive.

Front 9

Industrial society

Back 9

A society that depends on mehanization to produce its goods and services

Front 10

Master status

Back 10

A status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position in society.

Front 11

Mechanical solidarity

Back 11

A collective consciousness that emphasizes group solidarity, characteristic of societies with minimal division of labor.

Front 12

Negotiated order

Back 12

A social structure that derives its existence from the social interactions through which people define adn redefine its character.

Front 13

Negotiation

Back 13

The attempt to reach agreement with others concerning some objective.

Front 14

Organic solidarity

Back 14

A colle tive consciousness that rests on mutual interdependence, characteristic of societies ith a complex division of labor

Front 15

Postindustrial society

Back 15

A society whose economic system is engaged primarily in the processing and control of information

Front 16

Postmodern society

Back 16

A technologically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with consumer goods and media images.

Front 17

role conflict

Back 17

The situation that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person

Front 18

role exit

Back 18

The process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity and establishment of a new role and identity.

Front 19

Role strain

Back 19

The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands adn epetations.

Front 20

Social institution

Back 20

An organized pattern of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs

Front 21

Social interaction

Back 21

The ways in which people respond to one another

Front 22

Social network

Back 22

A series of social relationships that links a person directly to others, and through them indirectly to still more people.

Front 23

Social role

Back 23

A set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status

Front 24

Social structure

Back 24

The way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships.

Front 25

Sociocultural evolution

Back 25

The process of change and development in human societies that results from cumulative growth in their stores of cultural information

Front 26

status

Back 26

A term used used by sociologists to refer to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society

Front 27

Technology

Back 27

Information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human neds and desires.