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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deviance
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The violation of rules/norms
Not the act itself, but the reactions to the act Crime Norms make social life possible, bring about social order _________ is relative |
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crime
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the violation of norms that have been written into law
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Crime
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_______ in the streets against the person (8.5%)
Murder, aggravated assault, rape Murder rate is climbing Most murders committed by persons acquainted w/ their victims |
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non-white
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Disproportionately high among young, lower status, ___________ males
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same
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Offenders have ____ charac. as victims
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Crime in the streets against property (91.5%)
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Robbery, burglary, motor vehicle theft
Robbery disproportionately high among young, lower status, non-white males Majority of robberies committed by strangers |
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Professional robbers
Addict robbers Opportunist robbers Alcoholic robbers |
What are the 4 different types of robbers?
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Upper class
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Which class doesn't commit robbery?
They bribe, misrepresent products, embezzle, and defraud the IRS |
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Stigma
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charac. that discredit people
Norms of ability Norms of appearance Involuntary membership Becomes master status |
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Symbolic interactionist perspective
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Differential association theory
Control theory Labeling theory |
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Differential association theory
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We learn to deviate/conform to society’s norms mostly by the different groups we assoc. with
Families Friends, neighborhoods, subcultures |
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Control theory
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2 control systems work against our motivations to deviate
Inner controls Outer controls The stronger our bonds w/ society, the more effective our inner controls Bonds based on attachments, commitments, involvements, and beliefs |
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Labeling theory
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The labels that people are given affect their own and others’ perceptions of them, leading to conformity or deviance
5 techniques of neutralization Denial of responsibility Denial of injury Denial of a victim Condemnation of the condemners Appeal to higher loyalties The power of labels- The Saints and the Roughnecks |
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Functionalist perspective
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Deviance, including crime, is functional for society (contributes to the social order)
Clarifies moral boundaries, affirms norms Promotes social unity Promotes social change Strain theory Conflict perspective Social class and crime Street crime and the poor Illegitimate opportunity structures White collar crime and the upper classes Illegitimate opportunity structures also |
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Strain theory
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Stive to reach cultural goals
Experience strain (frustration) Feel anomie Conform or deviant paths Innovators Ritualism Retreatism Rebellion |
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Conflict perspective
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Inconsistency of the criminal justice system
Capitalist class vs. working class Law as instrument of oppression |
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Reactions to deviance
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Over 2 million are incarcerated
94% of prisoners are men Almost ½ of prisoners are African American 3 strikes law (3 felonies) High recidivism rate The death penalty bias Police discretion and social class Internal corruption Selective enforcement or non enforcement of laws Active criminality Bribery and extortion |
