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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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family
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group of persons linked by kin connection
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Kinship
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connections b/w individuals established through marriage or blood relatives
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Marriage
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approved sexual union be/w two adults.
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Nuclear family
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two adult living together with their children
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Extended family
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married couple with children living with other relatives.
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Families of orientation
Families of procreation |
-Family into which a person is born
-family into which on enters as an adult where a new generation of children is brought up |
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Patrilocal
Matrilocal |
-a couple live with or near the parent's of the groom.
-A couple lives with or near the parent's of the bride |
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Monogamy
Polygamy |
-only one spouse.
-more than one spouse, generally men, practiced 80% in different societies |
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Types of Polygamy:
Polygyny polyandry |
-man married to more then one woman
-woman married to more then one husband |
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Primary socialization
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process which children learn cultural norms of society
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personality stabilization
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the role the family plays in assisting adult family members emotionally
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Instrumental
affective |
-men's role as the breadwinner
-woman's role as the emotional role in domestic settings. |
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Feminist writings
domestic division of labor |
the way in which tasks are allocated among members of the household.
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Symmetrical family
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belief that families are becoming more equal in role distribution and responsibilities.
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unequal power relationship
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Men/women power: can lead to abuse: physical and sexual within the family
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Caring activities
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role of caring for individuals- usually given to women to fulfill.
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Second shift
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women work in public and domestically.
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Reconstituted families
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divorce, single parents, gay families.
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affective individualism
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marriage based on personal choice, guided by sexual attraction and romantic love
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Coontz: The way we never were
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Looking back at traditional families in previous times and revealing their true experience without the stereotype
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Friedan's The Feminine Mystique
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"problem with no name" oppressive nature of domestic life and it's seclusion
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Likelihood of divorce
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-people who's parents divorced
-people who cohabitate before marriage -having children before marriage -marriage at an early age marriage w/o children -low income during marriage |
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Uncoupling: Vaughan
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How people go from an intimate relationship to separation of their lives.
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Cohabitation
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a couple lives together in a sexual relationship without being married.
-either substitute for marriage, or to test if compatible for marriage |
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Religion
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community sharing beliefs and rituals that provide meaning and purpose by creating an idea of reality that is supernatural.
-Form of culture -ritualizes practices -sense of purpose |
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Theism
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a belief in one or a more supernatural deities
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sociologist and religion
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Not concerned if the belief is true
-concerned about the social organization of religion -view religion as a major source of social solidarity: if a main religion dominates a region it creates social stability, if multiple religion govern an area it create social chaos |
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Alienation: Karl Marx
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human beings tend to attribute their own culturally created values and norms to alien or seperate beings because they do not understand their own history. "Religion is the opium of people"
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Durkheim: Sacred and profane: Elementary forms of Religious life
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Study of aboriginals. religion connected to the nature of institutions of society. Religion defined b/w sacred and profane:
Sacred: objects, symbols, to be treated separately from daily objects. Profane: Day to day objects |
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Weber: World religions
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religion is not a conservative force, but inspired movements that have produced dramatic social change.
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Secular Thinking
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Worldly thinking: rise of science, technology, and rational thought.
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Secularization
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rise of worldly thinking and a decline in religious influence.
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Secularization debate
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1 group: those who agree of religious power diminishing and its importance.
2 group: religion remains a significant force, although sometime in new forms |
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Religiosity in secularization debate
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beliefs and values cannot be calculated by church attendance or by those who participate in certain rituals
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Religious economy
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religions can be fruitfully understood as organization in competitions with each other for followers.
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Sects
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smaller, less organized groups of believers who protest against a certain established church in order to find the "true way"-revival
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Denomination
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a sect that has cooled down and has become an institutionalized body.
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Cults
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resemble sects but are loosely knit to many different religious organizations. Religious innovation not revival
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Religious movements
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subtype social movement. Larger then sects and less exclusive. spread a new religion or promote a new interpretation.
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1st phase of religious movement: Charismatic
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religious movements have different levels of development. They usually begin with a charismatic leader, who captures attention and attains many followers
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2nd phase: 2nd leadership
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After death of charismatic leader, second leadership comes in and established rules and procedures to create stability within the group
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new religious movement:
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large range of religious and spiritual groups, cults, and sects that have emerged in Western countries, alongside mainstream religions. Enormous diversity. ex:New age movement; 3 categories:
1-world affirming 2-world rejecting 3-world accommodating |
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World affirming movements
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more akin to self help or therapy groups than to conventional religious groups. Often lack rituals, churches and formal theologies, turning focus on individual spiritual well being.
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New age movement
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world affirming: 1960-70s as a counterculture. encompasses a wide range of beliefs: mysticism, and pagan teachings
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World-rejecting movements
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World rejecting movements: demand lifestyle changes for their followers. very exclusive
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Total institutions
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world rejecting: members are expected not to have individual identities and adhere to strict codes and withdraw from outside activities
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World Accommodating movements
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emphasize the importance of inner religious life over worldly concerns. Seek to reclaim spiritual purity. Little altering of lifestyle
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Monotheism
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belief in a single all knowing, all powerful god. or the "trinity"
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Polytheism
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the belief in many gods that represent various categories of natural forces
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civil religion
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a set of religious beliefs though which a society interprets it's own history in light of some conception of ultimate reality. God language in terms of a nation.
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Disestablishment
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a period during which the political influence of established religions is successfully changed. America: 1: seperation of church and state. 2: immigration of catholic faith. 3: reduction of political influence of religion.
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Evangelicalism
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belief in spiritual rebirth. Response to growing secularism and religious diversity. "religious market place". televangelist
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Fundamentalism
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antimodern in many of their beliefs, calling for strict code of morality and conduct.
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Liberation theology
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combines catholic beliefs with a passion for social justice of the poor .
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Religious nationalism
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the linking of religious convictions with beliefs about people's social and political destiny. reject that religion and government should be separate, and call for a revival of tradition embodied in politics.
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