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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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schooling
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formal instituion under the direction of specially trained teachers
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leisure
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The word school is from the Greek root that means...
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There is not very much of it
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All low income countries have 1 trait in common when it comes to schooling:
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1/2
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in the poorest nations only ________ of all children ever get to go to school; worldwide only _________ every ever get to secondary grades
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39%
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% of India's people who cant read or write
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1872; only privileged few attended
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What year did mandatory schooling for Japan occur? Who got to go before industrialization?
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Transmitting Japanese traditions
sense of obligation to family cram schools rigorous testing |
Why is Japan's educational system superior?
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mandatory education laws
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By 1918 all states had passed ___________ requiring children to attend school until the age of 16 or completion of the 8th grade
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1960s
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When did the US reach a milestone of majority of US adults having a high school diploma?
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4 out of 5; 1 out of 4
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Today more than..... adults have high school diplomas and more than......have a 4 year college degree.
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equal opportunity
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Schoolin in the US also tries to promote......
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practical learning
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knowledge that prepares people for their future jobs, educational system that the US stresses
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progessive learning
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John Dewey called .......by which schools in the US generally try to make learning relvant to people's lives/
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socialization
cultural innovation social intergration social placement latent function |
5 functions of schooling:
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self fullfilling prophecy
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people who expect other to act in certain ways often encourage that very behavior
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Jane Elliot
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Teacher who showed the harmful effects of stereotypes in her classroom using eye color of her students
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socialization
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as societies gain complex technology they turn to trained teachers to pass on specialized knowledge that adults will need for their jobs
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cultural innovation
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faculty at colleges invent culture as well as pass it along to students
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social integration
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schools mold a diverse population into one society sharing norms and values
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social placement
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schools identify talent and match instruction to ability
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latent functions
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schooling serves several less widely recognized functions...schools bring people together of marriageable age
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social control
standardized testing tracking |
3 ways schools cause and perpetuates social inequality
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social control
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displays obedient and discipline and the importance of following orders
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standardized testing
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critics claim that the assessment test widely used by schools reflect our society's dominant culture, putting minorities at a disadvantage
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tracking
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despite controversy over standardized testing, most US schools use them for....
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90% of the 54 million
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Across the US __________________ primary and secondary school child attend state funded public schools.
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parochial schools
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schools operated by the Roman Catholic Church
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income
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A crucial factor affecting access to higher education is......
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more affordable
special importance to minorites serve local populations top priority of faculty who work at large universities is typically research or teaching |
Community colleges provide a number of specific benefits:
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schooling transforms social privilege into personal merit
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If attending college is a rite of passage for rich men and women as social conflict analysis suggest then...
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rigid uniformity
numerical ratings rigid expectations specialization little individual responsibility |
5 ways buraucratic schools undermine education:
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dropping out
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quitting before earning even a high school dipolma
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10.3%
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% of people between ages 16 and 24 are high school dropouts
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functional illiteracy
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a lack of reading and writing skills needed for everyday living
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20%
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% of people in the US whose reading and writing skill is at the 8th grade level or below
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grade inflation
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the awarding of ever higher grades for average work
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school choice
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giving parents options about schooling their children might force all schools to do a better job
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magnet schools
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modest form of school choice; 2,000 of these schools offer special facilities and programs to promote educational excellence in a particular field, best suited for special talents and interests
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charter schools
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public schools that are given more freedom to try new policies and programs, 1/2 of students are minorities
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schooling for profit
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supporters of this plan say school systems can be operated more effciently by private profit making companies than by local government
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2% or 1.1 million
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% of children that are homeschooled
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inclusive education
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works best for physically impaired students who have no difficulty keeping up with the rest of the class
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mainstreaming
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including students with disabilities in the overall educational program is called...
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92 million
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how many US adults were enrolled in some type of schooling in 2001?
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advancing their career or train for new job
personal enrichment |
why do adults return the the classroom?
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low salaries, frustration, retirements, rising enrollments and class sizeq
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what are some reasons for the teacher shortage
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recruiting from abroad
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what is a solution for the teacher shortage?
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health
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the social institution that focuses on fighting disease and improving health
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health
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state of complete physical, mental, and social well being
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biological issue
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This definition underscores the important fact that health is as much a social as....
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cultural patterns define health
cultural standards of health change over time a society's technology affects people's health social inequality affects people's health |
Society affects people's health in 4 major ways:
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social epidemiology
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study of how health and disease are distruuted throughout a society's population
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age, gender, social class, and race
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difference can be viewed in terms of....
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infant mortality
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the death rate among children under 1 year old
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cigarette smoking
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tops the list of preventable health hazards in the US
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440,000
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number of men and women who die prematurely each year as a direct result of cigarette smoking
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eating disorder
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intense type of dieting or other unhealthy method of weight control driven by the desire to be very thin
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about 1/2
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how many college women have engaged in eating disorders?
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2/3s
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how many people are overweight in the US?
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gonorrhea and syphilis
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among the oldest known STDS, caused by microscopic organisms that are almost always transmitted through sexual contact
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1 in 5
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how many US adults does herpes affect?
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AIDS
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the most serious of all sexually transmitted diseases
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Africa
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what country has the highest HIV infection rate and accounts for 64% of all world cases?
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anal sex
sharing needles use of any drug |
specific behaviors the increase the risk of HIV
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euthanasia
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assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease
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mercy killing
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what is euthanasia also known as?
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American Medical Association
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founded in 1847 symbolized the growing acceptance of scentific model of medicine
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holistic medicine
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an approach to health care that emphasizes prevention of illness and takes into account a person's entire physical and social environment
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China
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has experimented with private medicine, but the government controls health care
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Russian Federation
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transforming a state dominated economy into more a market system; therefore this country's medical is in transition
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Sweden
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has socialized medicine
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socialized medicine
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a medical care system in which the government owns and operates most medical facilities and employs most physicians
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Great Britain
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also established socialized medicine by creating a dual system of medical services
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Canada
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has had a single payer model of medical care that provides care to all citizens
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Japan
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operate privately, but a combination of government programs and private insurance pays medical costs
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United States
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has a direct fee system
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direct fee system
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a medical care system in which patients pay directly for the services of doctors and hospitals
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private insurance costs
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about 175 million people in the US received medical care benefits from a family member's employer or labor union
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public insurance companies
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Congress created medicare and medicaid
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health maintenance organization
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an organization that provides comprehensive medical care to subscribers for a fixed fee
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Talcott Parsons
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viewed medicine as society's strategy to keep its members healthy; came up with sick role and doctor role
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sick role
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patterns of behavior defined as appropriate for people who are ill
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sick role
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releases people from everyday obligations, looking the part of being sick
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physician's role
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doctor's orders; evaluating people's claims of sickness and help restore the sick to normal routines
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pyschosmatic disorders
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when state of mind guides physical sensations
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47 million
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how many people in the US do not have medical insurance?
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access to medical care
effects of profit motive politics of medicine |
3 conflicts between health and social inequality
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