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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the definition of work ignore? |
The preparation for work |
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What does the definition of work recognize? |
All work carried out by woman e.g raising children, cleaning, cooking that would have to be paid for if woman didn't do it.
All voluntary work |
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What are the problems with the definition of work ? |
Work is a subjective term. What some people enjoy others may classify as work ( having economic value) |
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What is a role? |
The position or the situation that a person occupies in society is called status. As a result of that status and position he is expected to discharge certain functions. These functions are known as roles. |
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How do we learn about work? |
Family members Education Interacting with people who are at work The mass media |
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Ways the workplace effects socialization and identity? |
Induction Form of socialization Symbol Informal socialization Carry out role , view of themselves Unemployment , redundancy Retirement |
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How does work affect our behavior? ( think of work as an agent of socialization? |
Rules Respect Take on new roles in society Leisure time Income> standard of living (Where we live and how we live) Exposes us to new norms and values that we might not have to follow outside of our job ( give an example) |
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What are the effects of work? |
health Income Family life |
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Expand on health ( effects of work) |
Some jobs associate with health risks (driving=inactivity, chemicals=illness, high pressure job=stress, security/crime prevention=assault (Give an example) |
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Expand on income (Effects of work) |
Pay linked to valued jobs eg surgeons , mps: premier footballers Standard of living - wage, commission, job security, promotion, pensions family expenses Educational qualifications effect level of income (people with degrees earn most) |
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What does job security and commission mean? |
JS- probability one will keep his/her job C-extra money earned by soon jobs not mentioned in contract, specially chosen. |
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Expand on family (Effects of work) |
Leisure time: long hours Separation of family eg army, oil rig Both partners have jobs household tasks affected Status in community Spend their leisure time- colleagues, hobbies, some people enjoy work eg artists, musicians. |
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What is the public sector? |
Usually involves work earned out on behalf other government and is paid for by taxation eg NHS, teachers etc.
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What is the private sector? |
Privately owned companies such as Tesco, BT, and Costa aim to make a profit. They pay workers from the money they make trading. Profits go to share holders who own companies. |
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What is globalization? |
Many people now work for multi- national companies. They travel abroad to set up new branches and regularly speak to people all over the world during their daily work. |
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What is the primary sector? |
Gathers or produces raw materials, eg farming , mining, fishing |
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What is the secondary sector? |
Manufacturing industries which make products for people to buy |
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What's the testiory sector? |
Service industries such as retail, banking, healthcare, and education . |
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What is the definition of identity? |
Essential aspect of who we are,consisting of our sense of self, gender, ethnicity, and religion. |
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What is mechanization? |
Means workers on assembly lines find work noisy, exhausting, repetitive and isolating |
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What does automation mean? |
Fewer workers are required because robots can do the work . Employees are needed to supervise the machines. |
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What is computerization? |
IT developments have affected all jobs. People can now communicate freely and work from home. |
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What are the advantages of technology for employers ? |
Online customers Lower staff costs: machines can replace workers, no strikes or asking for pay rises CITV bosses Trends ie supermarket sales trend |
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What are the disadvantages of technology for employers? |
Expensive, can break down Risk of data( leaked, online criminals) Customers reject internet services in favor of people Low moral amongst workers ( employees might report... > skills> dull and boring) |
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What is the definition of alienation and how does it for into work ? |
New technology can bring about workers alienation. Workers feel powerless , work is meaning less, people become isolated, people are not involved or are dissatisfied with work.
This fits into a impact of work |
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How do workers gain rights? |
Employees have legal rights: Contract, right to join union, safe working environment, protecting from unfair dismissal and white blowing, trade unions help negotiate with managers, support workers who are treated unfair, provide training and legal advice and pressure the government to improve conditions for workers. |
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What is intrinsic satisfaction? |
Comes for the enjoyment of the actual job. These are usually jobs that require skills. ( key work - feelings, inside) |
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How does social relationship effect job satisfaction? |
Good relationships with the boss and colleagues can increase work satisfaction. Isolation lowers work satisfaction. |
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How does social status effect job satisfaction? |
People who have a job that gives them status and respect report high levels of work satisfaction. |
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What is extrinsic satisfaction? |
This comes from outside of the job eg money , perks. They do not gain satisfaction from the job itself but from what the job brings. |
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Why rise in work for women? |
Increase in services extort, more part time work , fewer births and equal opportunity laws . Peoples attitudes to women workers has also changed. |
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What reasons do women still earn less? |
Part time work , dual burden , horizontal segregation, vertices segregation |
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What is dual burden? |
Paid work outside the domestic sphere, as well as homemaking and child care. |
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What is horizontal segregation? |
Differences in the amount of people of each gender present across occupations. |
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What is vertical segregation? |
Woman don't have the same promotional opportunities ( glass ceiling) |
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How does ethnic groups effect unemployment? |
Ethnic groups gave poor conditions , low pay etc, gangmasters, some ethnic groups are still more likely to be unemployed eg bangladeshia, black Caribbean and Pakistanis 1968 race relations act . |
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How does age effect unemployment ? |
The number of elderly people working has increased. Laws have been passes which allow people to work longer. |
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Wha are the causes of unemployment? |
The economic cycle New technology Industrial decline A growing labour force Frictional unemployment Seasonal unemployment |
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What is the definition of work? |
Work is earning a living : work is a paid activity which takes place in the formal economy |
