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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION
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socialization
transmission of culture social control multicultural education social placement change and innovation |
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SOCIALIZATION
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from kindergarten through college schools teach students the student role, specific academic subjects, and the political socialization.
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TRANSMISSION OF CULTURE
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through formal education we learn about our culture. The good bad and ugly.
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MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION
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be able to learn about other people through education.
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SOCIAL CONTROL
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learn how to be prompt, discipline (rewards and punishments) A is passing and F is failure.
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SOCIAL PLACEMENT
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based upon your formal education you placed in a certain social way of living. People without education don’t tend to have a higher social placement than those who do have a formal education.
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CHANGE AND INNOVATION
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schools are a source of change and innovation to meet societal needs.
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CULTURAL CAPITAL
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social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture (Educational toys, Field trips, Schools providing band, Upperclass parents or parents who can afford to do such things, Travel)
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ALTERNATIVES TO PUBLIC/PRIVATE EDU.
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school voucher, charter school, home schooling.
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BELIEF SYSTEM
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something or somebody that can have control over us.
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SYMBOLS
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symbolic to a belief system (Christian- Cross).
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RITUALS
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activities that we use to express our belief system.
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SIX DIFFERENT RELIGIONS
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hinduism
buddhism confucianism judaism islam christianity |
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HINDUISM
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oldest current religion.
reincarnation. ghandi is the best known leader. "word of mouth" is their set of beliefs. |
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BUDDHISM
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8 pathways:
-right view: proper belief -right intent: renouncing attachment to the world -right speech: not lying, slandering,or using abusive lang. -right action: avoiding sexual indulgence -right livelihood: avoiding occupations that dont enhance spiritual advancement. -right effort: preventing potential evil from rising. -right mindfulness: overcoming evil desires -right concentration |
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CONFUCIANISM
(family of scholars) |
no bible or kuran.
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JUDAISM
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Monotheism central to contemporary belief.
3 main branches: -orthodox -reform -conservative orthodox |
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ISLAM
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Muhammad.
5 pillars: -there is no god but allah -participating in 5 periods of prayer a day -pay taxes to help support needy -fast during daylight hours in month of Ramadan -making atleast one pilgrimage the Sacred house of Allah in Mecca |
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CHRISTIANITY
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the belief in Jesus Christ and forgiveness of wrong doing through Christ
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TYPES OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS
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church
-acceptable way of worship in a comunity. -head of org: pastor, bishop -established way of doing things sect -own org bc they dont agree with the church -share the same beliefs -start own system in terms of how things are done and taken care of cult -loosely org. religious group with practices and teachings -NRM( new religious movement) -charles manson -Cult busters- talked to by parents of young people who join cults |
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SECULARIZATION
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process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in society and nonreligious values, principles, and institutions take their place.
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2 COMPONENTS OF SECULARIZATION
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1. decline in religious values
2. corresponding increase in non-religious values or principles and greater significance given to the secular. more about money. |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
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the branch of sociology dealing with health. Causes and distributions
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EPIDEMIOLOGY WITH SEX OR GENDER
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women are now living longer than men
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EPIDEMIOLOGY WITH RACE/ETHNICITY
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fast food is more relevant in low income areas leading to higher rates of obesity
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LIFESTYLE FACTORS
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drugs
alcohol -Cirrhosis -Cardiovascular problems -Nutritional Deficiancies -alcoholism nicotine illegal drugs STDs diet and exercise profession of medicine -affordable health care act -stay on family's insurance until 26 |
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COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
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voluntary, often spontaneous activity that is engaged in by a large number of people and typically violates dominant-group norms and values.
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TYPES OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR CROWDS
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casual
conventional expressive acting mob riot protest crowds |
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CASUAL COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
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relatively large groups of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time. Ex. Shopping at the mall
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CONVENTIONAL COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
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Made up of people who come together for a scheduled event and this share a common focus. Ex. Football game
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EXPRESSIVE COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
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Provide opportunities for the expression of some strong emotion. Ex. Time Square on New Year’s Eve, Church
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MOB
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a highly emotional crowd whose members engage in, or are ready to engage in, violence against a specific target- a person, a category of people, or physical property. Singly focused
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RIOT
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violent crowd behavior that is fueled by deep-seated emotions but is not directed at one specific target.
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PROTEST CROWDS
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engage in activities intended to achieve specific political goals.
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CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
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nonviolent action that seeks to change a policy or law by refusing to comply with it.
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FADS AND FASHIONS
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fad- short term widely occupied activity
fashion- long term |
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MASS BEHAVIOR
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collective behavior that take place when people respond to the same event in much the same way.
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PUBLIC OPINION
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the attitudes and beliefs communicated by ordinary citizens to decision makers.
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SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
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an organized group that acts consciously to promote or resist change through collective action.
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TYPES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
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reform
-seek to improve society by changing some specific aspect of the social structure. Ex. Mothers against drunk drivers revolutionary -usually do not attempt to work within the existing system, but aim to remake the system by replacing existing institutions with new ones. Ex. Civil rights religious -concerned with renovating or renewing people through “inner change.” alternative -seek to change in some aspect of people’s behavior. resistance -seek to prevent change or to undo change that has already occurred. |
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STAGES IN SOCIAL MOVEMENT
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Preliminary stage:
people become aware Coalesence Stage: people begin to organize and to publicize the problem Institutionalization Stage: become an organized structure and begin to take action. |
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SOCIAL MOVEMENT THEORIES
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relative depriviation theory
-refers to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve. value-added theory -developed by Neil Smelser is based on the assumption that certain conditions are necessary for the development of a social movement. |
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SIX CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENT
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• Structural conduciveness
• Structural Strain • Spread of a generalized belief • Precipitating factors • Mobilization for action • Social control factors |
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SOCIAL CHANGE
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the alteration, modification, or transformation of public policy, culture, or social institutions over time.
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SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE FUTURE
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• Physical Environment and Change: ex. Hurricane Katrina
• Population and change: ex. Overpopulation. Impacted schools • Technology and change: ex. Cellphones, social media |
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4 STATUS'
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master
achieved ascribed |
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ACHIEVED STATUS EXAMPLE
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job or marrying rich
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ASCRIBED STATUS EXAMPLE
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race and gender
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ROLE CONFLICT
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situation in which incompatible role demands are placed on a person by 2 or more statuses held at the same time.
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ROLE STRAIN
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condition that occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies.
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SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY
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process by which our perception of reality is shaped by the meaning that we give to an experience.
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SOCIAL GROUP
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identity
independence interaction |
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REFERENCE GROUP
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"what would they do if they were in my situation?"
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GROUP THINK
(CONFORMITY) |
process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that many individual members privately believe is unwise
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FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS
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church
work school |
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SECONDARY GROUP
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a larger, impersonal, specialized group goal-oriented.
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NETWROK
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web of social relationships linking persons with other people they know
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BUREAUCRACY
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hierarchy of authority
clear division of labor explicit rules of procedures impersonality in personnel matters |
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DEVIENCE IS GOOD
(why?) |
clarifies rules
unites a group promotes social change |
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DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY
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lay down with the dogs, wake up with fleas.
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SOCIAL BOND THEORY
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attachment
commitment involvement belief |
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CORPORITE CRIME
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alleged deceptions to the public by the Toyota car companies
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ASCRIBED TRAITS AFFECTED BY POVERTY IN LOW INCOME ECONOMIES
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gender and age
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ASIA AND AFRICA
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two continents low income economies are primarily found on
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3 MAJOR STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
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democratic
-peoples opinions matter authoritan -leader makes all decisions laisse-faire -leader has minimum input. |
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SOCIOLOGY
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scientific study of groups of people
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SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION
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ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society
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SOCIAL DARWINISM
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herbert
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SOCIAL FACTS
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durkheim
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AFRICAN AMERICAN
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w.e.b
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HULL HOUSE
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jane adams
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BEGINNING OF SOCIOLOGY
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age of enlightment
urbanization industrial revolution |
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CONVENTIAL RESEARCH METHOD
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determine problem
review previous research hypothesis determine research design collect and analyze data report findings |
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GENERAL RESEARCH METHODS
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survey
secondary analysis experimental field research |
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PROBABILITY SAMPLING
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participants deliberately chosen bc they have certain characteristics
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NON MATERIAL COMPONENTS OF CULTURE
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symbols
language values norms |
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CULTURAL LAG
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changing relationships between non material and material
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SOCIALIZATION
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acquiring social skills for survival in society and perspective of themselves through others
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SIGMUND FREUD'S TERMS FOR HIS PERSONALITY MODEL
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reality concept
basic human drives the conscience |
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REALITY CONCEPT
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ego
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BASIC HUMAN DRIVES
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id
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THE CONSCIENCE
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superego
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LOOKING GLASS SELF
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self image based on how others see us
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AGUSTE
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coined the term sociology
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AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
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family
peers school workplace |
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TYPES OF CULTURAL CHANGE
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technology
discovery diffusion |
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PREJUDICE IS ROOTED IN
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ethnocentrism and stereotypes
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EHTNIC GROUPS
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unique cultural traits
sense of community feels of ehtnocentrism |
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SEXISM IS INTERWOVEN WITH
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patriarchy
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STEREOTYPES REINFORCE
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ageism
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CAPITALISM
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competition
lack of gov. intervention oligopoly |
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SOCIALISM
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public ownership
pursuit of collective goals centralized decision making |
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TERTIARY JOBS
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provision of services
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4 REASONS PERSONS GET MARRIED
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financial
children companionship love |
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FEWER INFANTS ARE UP FOR ADOPTION
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abortion
lower birthrates |
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4 CHARACTERISTICS OF COUPLES MOST LIKELY TO GET DIVORCED
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financial
unhappy marriage at early age infertility |
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3 TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
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seasonal
cyclical structural |
