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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is criminology
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The study of what causes crime, crime prevention and punishment & rehabilitation of offenders
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What is crime
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Certain behaviours and actions that require formal response through control and warrant social intervention
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What is social deviance
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The acts that involve violation of social norms
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Moral entrepreneurs
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persons or institution that takes action in attempt to influence or change development/enforcement of society's moral codes
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Variations of social deviance
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place to place
group to group time to time |
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Mainstreaming of deviance
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when people/activities that were once disapproved become socially acceptable (pregnant women showing their bellies)
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Classical criminological approaches
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explains crime at the individual level
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Why is classical criminological approach often criticized?
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failure to explain patterns of crime
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Mesomorphs
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the body shape (muscular build) deemed most likely to commit crime
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Merton's strain theory
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people experience strain when culturally defined goals can't be met through socially approved means
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Five reactions to to Merton's strain theory
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conformists
innovators ritualist retreatists rebels |
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what are conformists
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those who accept social goals and have the means to achieve the goals
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what are innovators
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those who accept the goals but lack socially approved means to achieve them; resort to crime
ie. students who cheat on tests |
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what are ritualists
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those who reject the goals but cling to rules
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conflict perspective
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view crimes as the outcome of class struggle
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symbolic interactionism
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focus on how people learn deviant behaviour, identities and social roles through interaction with others
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labelling theory
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focuses on the meaning and significance of labels and the reputations given to people
typically people will behave in the way for which they are labelled. |
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What is the difference between sex and gender
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sex is biologically rooted; physical
gender is socially constructed characteristics associated with a particular sex; refers to masculinity and femininity |
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What percent of Canadian women undergo cosmetic surgery
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85%
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What percent of women make up the part time work force?
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70%
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As of 2012, what percent of women hold CEO positions?
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9%
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According to a 2009 study on women in industrialized countries, what trend has happened with the unpaid domestic work?
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increase; 5-6 hours/week
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What is Canada's rank in global gender equality for 2012?
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Canada ranked 21 out of 128 countries
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what is intersectional analysis of inequality?
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examination of role, gender, class, race and ethnicity in functioning as mechanisms for producing social inequality
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functionalist theory
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men and women perform separate, specialized and complementary roles to maintain cohesiveness in society
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What role would men play in the functionalist theory?
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instrumental
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What role would women play in functionalist theory?
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expressive
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conflict theory
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gender stratification in capitalist societies was a direct result of private proptery
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symbolic interactionism
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meanings of female and male or femininity and masculinity
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feminist theory
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gender is viewed as social construction with important and at time detrimental consequences for men and women.
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post structuralist theory
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people are positioned within and produced by discourse
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