Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
social group
|
groups that consist of two or more people who interact with one another and share a common identity
|
|
|
primary group
|
are small intimate and long lasting
|
|
|
example of a primary group
|
family close friends
|
|
|
secondary group
|
are formal superficial and last for a short or fixed time
|
|
|
example of secondary group
|
classmates
|
|
|
in group
|
is a group to which we feel an affinity or closeness
|
|
|
in group bias
|
is the feeling that a person's in group is superior to others
|
|
|
out group
|
group from which we are disconnected
|
|
|
reference group
|
evaluate or compare self
|
|
|
reference group
|
strongly influence behavior and social attitudes do not have to be a member aspirational
|
|
|
Dyad
|
consisting of ony two persons
|
|
|
triad
|
consisting of three persons
|
|
|
george Simmel weakest group size
|
triad, because two people usually pair up leaving other one left out
|
|
|
leadership style
|
behavior mode that leaders use to influence group members
|
|
|
autocratic leader
|
leader who determines the group policies and assigns roles
|
|
|
democratic leader
|
leader who strives to set group policy by discussion and agreement
|
|
|
laissez-faire leader
|
leader who leads by absence and may in fact not want to be a leader at all
|
|
|
conformity
|
degree to which we will alter our behavior attitudes and points of view to fit into our perceived expectation of what is appropriate
|
|
|
group think
|
term for group decisions that are made without objective thought
|
|
|
3 conditions exist for groupthink group
|
group cohesiveness external threat strong leadership
|
|
|
traditional network
|
family and close friends
|
|
|
church network
|
church family
|
|
|
contract networks
|
economic networks
|
|
|
immigrants use 3 different form of networking
|
traditional church contact because they are able to advance with help from others
|
|
|
formal organizations
|
groups created for a certain purpose and built for maximum efficiency
|
|
|
examples of formal organizations
|
country clubs environmental organizations sport leagues
|
|
|
3 qualities that keep formal organizations running smoothly
|
division of labor concentration of power methods of succession
|
|
|
division of labor
|
task are clearly defined
|
|
|
concentration of power
|
power is in the hand of a few
|
|
|
methods of succession
|
replacement of members
|
|
|
organizations
|
formal groups that exist to achieve a desired goal
|
|
|
utilitarian organizations
|
are an organization in which people receive wages in exchange for work
|
|
|
normative organizations
|
organization exist to achieve a worthwhile goal
|
|
|
coercive organizations
|
are organizations that people are forced to join
|
|
|
voluntary association
|
the act of joining an organization that offers no pay and that expands social networks through interaction
|
|
|
examples of voluntary association
|
joining a team singing in a choir or helping in a soup kitchen
|
|
|
formal organizations
|
groups created for a certain purpose and built for maximum efficiency
|
|
|
example of formal institutions
|
country clubs environmental organizations sports leagues
|
|
|
formal structures
|
are the explicit rules goals and guidelines of organization
|
|
|
informal structures
|
are friendships allegiances and loyalties among members of an organization
|
|
|
bureaucracies
|
are formal organizations that are organized into a hierarchy of smaller departments
|
|
|
Theorists for bureaucracy
|
Max Weber
|
|
|
Webers characteristics of bureaucracy
|
division of labor hierarchy of authority rules and regulations technical qualifications impersonality
|
|
|
positional leadership
|
other people give positional leaders the reins of leadership
|
|
|
permission leadership
|
people follow because they want to
|
|
|
production leaders
|
people follow because of what you have done
|
|
|
people development
|
people follow because they are empowered
|
|
|
personhood
|
people follow because of who you are
|
|
|
who believed that bureaucracy was a circle from which one could not escape
|
Karl Marx
|
|
|
karl Marx theory
|
believed bureacracy was the way the borgeoisie exploited workers and more efficiently gained more wealth and control for themselves
|
|
|
social stratification
|
the ranking of people and the rewards they receive based on objective criteria, often including wealth power and or prestige
|
|
|
power
|
the ability to carry out your will
|
|
|
delegated power
|
given or assigned responsibilities and power
|
|
|
power elite
|
small group who hold immense power
|
|
|
example of power elite
|
military leaders high ranking political leaders corporate leaders
|
|
|
theorists for power wealth prestige
|
C Wright Mills
|
|
|
Prestige
|
refers to the level of esteem assoiciated with our social standing
|
|
|
transitional poverty
|
temporary state of poverty
|
|
|
example of transitional poverty
|
someone loses their job
|
|
|
residual poverty
|
chronic and multigenerational poverty
|
|
|
example of residual poverty
|
working during the summer months weather permitting job
|
|
|
absolute poverty
|
so severe that one lacks resources to survive
|
|
|
relative poverty
|
occurs when we compare ourselves to those around us
|
|
|
example of relative poverty
|
I can't buy ipad or iphone only the rich can My sister has a new phone and i don't
|
|
|
near poor
|
live above the poverty level, but close to it
|
|
|
residual poverty examples
|
parents poor then kids poor family poor cycle
|
|
|
upper elite class
|
very small in number about 1% of population posses significant wealth
|
|
|
upper middle class
|
high income well educated do not belong to the elite of super wealthy 15% population high educated professional owners of businesses
|
|
|
middle class
|
moderate income 34% population white collar workers and blue collar workers
|
|
|
example of middle class
|
teachers nurses factory foreperson
|
|
|
working class
|
high school diplomas lesser level education 30% population wages paid hourly manual labor blue collar jobs, pink collar jobs
|
|
|
lower class
|
bottom class live paycheck to paycheck lower education
|
|
|
urban underclass
|
part of lower class homeless chronically unemployed few opportunites poor school weak social structures
|
|
|
social mobility
|
ability to change social class
|
|
|
horizontal mobility
|
moving within the same status category
|
|
|
example of horizontal mobility
|
teacher which goes to another school and remains a teacher
|
|
|
vertical mobility
|
involves moving from one social class to another can also be caused by demotion
|
|
|
example of vertical mobility
|
teacher gets a degree and becomes a principle
|
|
|
intragenerational mobility
|
occurs when an individual changes social standing especially in the workforce
|
|
|
example of intragentional mobility
|
climbing a corp ladder
|
|
|
intergenerational mobility
|
refers to the change that family members make from one social class to the next through generations
|
|
|
example of intergenerational mobility
|
I hope to live better then my sister
|
|
|
functionalists view of class
|
system find equilbrium or balance so stratification must be the result of some kind of functional balance
|
|
|
meritocracy argument
|
those who get ahead do so based on their own merit
|
|
|
example of meritocracy argument
|
society offers reward to doctors big pay checks because everyone needs a doctor
|
|
|
entitlement
|
program offering assistance to which a person who met certain standards
|
|
|
example of entitlement program
|
welfare bill clinton signed tanf in 1996 to change law for welfare
|
|
|
tanf highlights
|
time limits 2 years limit five year life time limit payments to teen moms with more than one child must remain in school job training
|
|
|
disadvantage of tanf
|
live below poverty level payment limits short duration prevents long tern training like college prevents people from improving their economic positions by training them for low wage jobs
|
|
|
Pink Collar Worker
|
women jobs such as cashiers secretaries
|
|
|
how many social class are there
|
Five
|
|
|
What percent does the upper elite class hold
|
1%
|
|
|
What percent does upper middle class hold
|
15% but this class flucuates
|
|
|
What class would a owner of a business been in
|
upper middle class
|
|
|
What class would a person be paid hourly
|
working class
|
|
|
what class is surviving pay check to pay check
|
lower class
|
|
|
what would a homeless and unemployed class be
|
urban class
|
|
|
give example of a white collar job
|
teachers nurses
|
|
|
what class is the most wealthy
|
upper elite class
|
|
|
what percent does work class hold
|
33%
|
|
|
what is defination of society
|
geographic territory that share the same value, beliefs under one government
|
|
|
Name the five social classes
|
upper elite class upper middle elite class middle moderate class working class lower class urban class
|
