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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the entire way of life of people or group; can also be defined in a narrower way as the specific systems of meaning that we use to weigh and consider our world
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Culture
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A system or patterns of symbols-for example, language or fashion
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Symbolic Systems
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A system or pattern of meanings that undergird specific situations. For example, a young child can eat spaghetti with her hands at a restaurant, but for an adult to do so at a business dinner would be considered inappropriate and unprofessional.
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Social Code
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Groupings of events and objects that are familiar, similar, or different
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Classifications
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Written norms that prescribe or proscribe specific sets of behaviors under threat of punishment
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Laws
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provide frameworks for ideals and anti-ideals within which norms make sense. Example: Personal Space
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Value
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A term referring to values and behaviors that go against those of mainstream society
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Countercultures
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This man believed culture was equated with “civilization” during the 18th and 19th centuries and identified with the beliefs and practices of the elite, he contested this association and spoke of “cultures” rather than a single high culture.
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Johann Gottfried von Herder
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A statement that attempts to describe some aspect of collective reality-for example, “The Earth is round.”
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Belief
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The statements that people make about their values and beliefs
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Attitudes
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Anything we do; these may not be consistent with our attitudes
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Behaviors
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One of the most common classifications in society, closely tied to occupation and income
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Socioeconomic Class
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A distinctive form of cultural expression that aims to create symbols that engage, entertain, and sensitize
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Genre
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An umbrella term referring to the variety of technical devices and processes through which mass communication takes place
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Mass Media
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Seeing others as fragmentary images or objects, as if they were being observed from a distance
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Disengaged sociality
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Organizations with an interest (economic or otherwise) in having their products reach the widest possible market, an aim they achieve through use of the mass media.
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Culture industry
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Information and knowledge that are produced and communicated by the mass media
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Cultural products
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This person believes There was a constant struggle between groups or classes for ideological “hegemony”—that is, intellectual and moral leadership
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Antonio Gramsci
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This approach emphasizes the structures and processes involved in the production of culture: the ownership of media organizations, the drive to make profits, the pressure to gain and keep a mass audience, the opposition of private owners to government regulation or to radical change that might threaten profits.
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The Political-Economy Approach
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This approach reveals symbolic and normative constraints on the media and production and media consumption, such as professional values of journalists, the types of narrative structure in media contents, and differences between audiences in terms of the ways they consume media products
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Cultural-Sociological
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A term referring to the ways in which an audience takes in and interacts with a cultural product
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Consumption
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A term referring to the ways in which cultural products are created and transmitted
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Production
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A term that refers to the ways in which societies throughout the world have become swamped with aspects of American culture, such as Hollywood films, television shows, and popular music
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Cultural Imperialism
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Studies performed during the 1950s in which researchers considered the factors that determine which stories get produced in the mass media.
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Gatekeeper Studies
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This man studied a wire editor at a small American newspaper. For every story the editor turned down he listed a reason. Some were not very illuminating— “not enough space.” Others were technical or professional— “dull writing.” Others were explicitly political— “propaganda” or “He’s too Red.”
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David Manning White
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The way in which mass-media content is received or used by audiences, including such factors as what the audiences selectively choose to attend to and the purposes for which the media are consumed.
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Reception
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The least mindful way of approaching activities, whereby people orient themselves to media in an unthinking way.
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Habitual
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a slightly more mindful approach, whereby people have some awareness of a desire to be freed—mentally, emotionally, physically, or socially—from their situation.
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Escapist
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This man created the "Continuum of Mindfulness"
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Ron Lembo
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A state whereby people are not only getting away from what they were previously doing or feeling but also turning toward something else in a creative frame or mind.
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Playful
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, the most mindful state, whereby people monitor and evaluate their thoughts and feelings, trying to anticipate what difference it would make if they chose another activity, and generally trying to be conscious of how media viewing might fit into the context of their free-time activities
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Reflective
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The idea that, in a postmodern culture, a new kind of system has emerged that has neither national borders nor centers
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Network Society
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Is "culture" the same as "civilization?
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NO
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What are the three categories of symbols?
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Sacred, profane, and mundane
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Who is Ron Lembo? What did he do?
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This man is a sociologist who found that the amount of attention someone pays to TV varies greatly from person to person.
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What are the four things described in the "Continuum of Mindfulness"?
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Habitual, Escapist, Reflective, Playful
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