Sociology

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Sociology

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The systematic study of human society

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Global Perspective

Back 2

The study of the lartfer world and out society's place in it

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High-income countries

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the richest nations with the highest overall standards of living
ex) United states, Canada, Argentina, Western Europe, Israel, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Japan, and Australia

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Middle-income countries

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nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole
ex) Eastern Europe, some of Africa, Latin America and Asia

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Low-income countries

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nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor
ex) parts of Africa

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Positivism

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a way of understanding based on science

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Theory

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A statement of how and why specific facts are related

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Theoretical approach

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a basic image of society that guides thinking and research

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Structural-function approach

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a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability

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social structure

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any relatively stable patter of social behavior

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Social functions

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the consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole

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manifest functions

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the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern

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latent functions

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the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern

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social dysfunction

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any social pattern that may distupt the operation of society

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social-conflict approach

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a framework for building theory that sees socitey as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change

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macro-level orientation

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a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole

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micro-level orientation

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a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations

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symbolic-interaction approach

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a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals

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science

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a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation

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concept

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a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplifed form

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variable

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a concept whose value changes from case to case

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measurment

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a procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specitic case

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reliability

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consistency in mesasurement

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validity

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actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure

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correlation

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a relationship in which 2 or more variables change together

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case and effect

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a relationship in which change in one variable(independent) causes change in another(dependent)

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interpretive sociology

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the study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world

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critical soiciology

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the study of society taht focsues on the need for social change

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gender

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the personal traits and soical potitions that members of a soicety attach to being female or male

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research method

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a systematic plan for doing research

Front 31

Sociology

Back 31

The systematic study of human society

Front 32

Global Perspective

Back 32

The study of the lartfer world and out society's place in it

Front 33

High-income countries

Back 33

the richest nations with the highest overall standards of living
ex) United states, Canada, Argentina, Western Europe, Israel, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Japan, and Australia

Front 34

Middle-income countries

Back 34

nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole
ex) Eastern Europe, some of Africa, Latin America and Asia

Front 35

Low-income countries

Back 35

nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor
ex) parts of Africa

Front 36

Positivism

Back 36

a way of understanding based on science

Front 37

Theory

Back 37

A statement of how and why specific facts are related

Front 38

Theoretical approach

Back 38

a basic image of society that guides thinking and research

Front 39

Structural-function approach

Back 39

a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability

Front 40

social structure

Back 40

any relatively stable patter of social behavior

Front 41

Social functions

Back 41

the consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole

Front 42

manifest functions

Back 42

the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern

Front 43

latent functions

Back 43

the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern

Front 44

social dysfunction

Back 44

any social pattern that may distupt the operation of society

Front 45

social-conflict approach

Back 45

a framework for building theory that sees socitey as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change

Front 46

experiment

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a research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions

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survey

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a research method in which subjects respong to a series of statements or questions in a questionaire or an interview

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participant observation

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a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activites

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stereotype

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an exaggerated description appled to every person in some category