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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 Elements of Social Structure |
Culture Social Class Statuses Roles Groups Institutions |
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Culture |
Provides orientation to view world so ial |
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Social Class |
A large number of people w/similar amounts of power/property & prestige -heavily influences our behavior, altitudes, ideas -impacts life chances |
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Status |
Position in society -one can occupy several statuses at once -significance: determines how you relate to people and how people relate to u -master status: status which organizes other statuses, others see u as this |
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Status inconsistency |
Occupying 2 or more statuses viewed by society as inconsistent |
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Ascribed status |
Status given to us at birth or recovered involuntarily later in life |
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Role expectations |
Clusters of norms that describe how a role ought to be played -Needed to ensure a smooth and predictable course of social interaction |
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Role Conflict |
Contradictory expectations between two or more statuses EG: |
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Role taking |
Outcome of socialization is the ability to anticipate what others expect of us & to shape our behavior accordingly |
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Generalized other |
The attitude of the generalized other is the attitude of the larger community |
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Agents of socialization |
People & groups that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, &behavior. -occurs in 3 ways 1. Direct learning 2. Imitation/ Role modeling 3. Conditioning |
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Role Strain |
Contradictory expectations in one role Doctor needs be compassionate AND professional |
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Group |
2 or more people who interact frequently and share a common identity and feeling of interdependence |
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3 Elements of a Group |
Sense of identity/belonging Interaction with/one another Feeling of interdependence |
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Aggregate |
A bunch of people hanging around with no shared expectations |
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Reference group |
Group we see as standard to evaluate ourselves |
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Functionalist perspective GROUPS |
Groups meet instrumental and expressive needs |
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Conflict theorists perspective GROUPS |
Focus on power relationships within groups |
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Postmodernist perspective GROUPS |
Modern groups characterized by "superficial relations and a lack of depth" |
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Interactionist perspective GROUPS |
Focus on how size of group influences interaction |
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Webers view bureaucracy |
Pro: Most effective way to organize large formal organization Con: Rules, regulations, and emphasis one results would increasingly govern our lives |
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McDonaldization main goals |
Efficiency Uniformity (Predictability) Calculability Control (quantity > quality) |
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Functionalist explanation to deviance |
Caused by anomie, however deviance also contributes to social order |
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Strain Thoery |
Gap between societal goals and legitimate means of achieving those goals leads to anomie |
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Opportunity Theory |
People don't have equal access to illegitimate mean Social class has huge difference on what types of crimes one may commit |
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Symbolic Interactionist Perspective |
Look at interactionist between people Look at some people similar situations who commit crimes and others who do not |
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Differential Association |
Learn the behaviors, attitudes, methods, and techniques from those w/whom we associate Confirm to deviant groups norms, emotional connection |
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Control theory |
2 control systems work against our motivation to deviate -Inner containment (controls) -internalization of norms -Outer containments (controls) -consists of people who influence is not to deviate |
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Strain Thoery |
Gap between societal goals and legitimate means of achieving those goals leads to anomie |
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Opportunity Theory |
People don't have equal access to illegitimate mean Social class has huge difference on what types of crimes one may commit |
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Symbolic Interactionist Perspective |
Look at interactionist between people Look at some people similar situations who commit crimes and others who do not |
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Differential Association |
Learn the behaviors, attitudes, methods, and techniques from those w/whom we associate Confirm to deviant groups norms, emotional connection |
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Social Bond theory |
Stronger bonds are with society, stronger our inner controls are Bonds based on -Attachments -Commitments -Involvements -Beliefs Deviance occurs when push or pull towards deviance I stronger than inner and outer control systems |
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Labeling Theory |
Focus on process by which some members of society determine what is deviant and then proceed to label those who are deemed deviant -Social control mechanism -3 stages of deviance: -Primary deviance (deviant but not labeled -Secondary deviance (stigmas reduce life chances -Tertiary deviance (some able to pursue deviant paths but reject label) |
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Conflict perspective |
Agrees with strain theory, focus on power relationships instead of anomie Pathological effects of capitalism People in power write laws defining what is and isn't a crime Protects the properties and property Laws used to exercise control over others, judicial system used as tool of oppression |
