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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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August Comte
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Invented the word Sociology.
Competing explanations for social phenomenon |
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Emile Durkheim
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Structures of society constrain social behavior. Ritual and the division of labor hold society together
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Karl Marx
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Why history? Origin and nature of capitalism. Economic aspect of historical change in modern world. Class struggle
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Max Weber
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Why did modern social order arise in Western Europe? Investigation of world religions, medieval cities, and the state. Why do we do what we are told? The role of bureaucracy and rational legal authority
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Consequences of inequality
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Demonstrations
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A good theory must
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Explain, describe, and predict phenomenon
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When did sociology begin
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1850 - industrial revolution
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W.E.B. Dubois
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Double Conciousness being both black and American
Freedom with restriction |
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Harriet Martineau
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– Research should include all aspects of society: politics, religion, and social institutions, marriage, children, race relations
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C. Wright Mills
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"The sociological imagination requires us, above all, to think ourselves away from the familiar routines of our daily in order to look at them anew”
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Sociology
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The scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies. It is the study of people in groups
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Globalization
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The growth of world inter-dependence. Local problems can become global, global problems are local problems
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The sociological imagination
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The interconnection of personal troubles and societal issues
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The Construction of Meaning
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Every action is symbolic and every action has meaning
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Theories
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explain WHY things, events phenomenon occur
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W.E.B Dubois
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Race analysis must include the analysis of poverty
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Functionalism
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Society is made of interrelated institutions that function to keep society together. Functions may be manifest or latent
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Ideology
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the ideas of the powerful are used to justify the actions of the powerful in the minds of those they exploit. If ideology fails, the use of force is always an option
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Symbolic Interactionism
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Daily communications and interactions between people create cultures, organizations, and social structure. Symbols used in daily life have a shared meaning within a group, and through this common understanding social reality is established
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Feminism
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Gender is central to understanding the social world. How is the division of labor based on gender roles? How id the power distributed in a relationship
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The rational choice theory
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The original theorist of this perspective was Max Weber, specifically his thinking about ‘instrumental or rational choice’. The theory assumes that the best variable to study human behavior is self-interest.
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Postmodernism
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Jan Baudrillard is the most important proponent of this theory. Three important aspects of this theory: 1) society, culture, and life-style are very different today from 100, 50, 30 years ago. 2) mass media, consumer society, and information technology impact our understanding of society such that we often ask ‘what is real?’ 3)old styles of analysis no longer useful to explain what is going on. New vocabularies, and new approaches are needed.
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How Can Sociology Help Us in Our Lives
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-Awareness of cultural differences
-Assessing the effects of social policy -Self-enlightenment -Development of social consciousness and advocacy for social change |
