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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bisexual
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individuals who are sexually, physically, emotionally attracted to both same and opposite sex partners
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Classism
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system that stigmatizes poor and working-class people and their cultures and assigns high status to the affluent and their culture solely because of their relative wealth
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Coming out
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someone who has revealed his or her GLBT sexual orientation to others
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Conflict diversity
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understanding how different groups exist in a hierarchy of inequality in terms of power, privilege and wealth
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Counting diversity
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empirically enumerating differences within a given population
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Culture diversity
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importance of understanding and appreciating the cultural differences between groups
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Discrimination
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actions that deny equal treatment to persons perceived to be members of some social category or group
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Dominant group
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social group that controls the political, economic, and cultural institutions in a society
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Essentialist
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perspective argues that reality exists independent of our perception of it, that is, that there are real and important (essential) differences among categories of people
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Ethnic group
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social group that has certain cultural characteristics that set it off from other groups and whose members see themselves as having a common past
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Ethnoviolence
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acts motivated by prejudice intending to do physical or psychological harm because of the victims' group membership
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Exploitation
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the dominant group uses the subordinate group for its own ends, including economic profit and higher position in the social hierarchy
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Feminism
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movement to end male supremacy
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Gay
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usually refers to homosexual males, although it is also used as an umbrella term for homosexuals in general
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Gender
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behavior that is culturally defined as appropriate and inappropriate for males and females
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GLBT
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gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered people
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Good-for-business diversity
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the argument that businesses will be more profitable, and government agencies and not-for-profit corporations will be more efficient, with diverse labor forces
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Hegemonic ideologies
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ideas that are so influential that they dominate all other ideologies
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heterosexism
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system of oppression against the GLBT population
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heterosexual
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persons who are sexually, physically, and emotionally attracted to people of the opposite sex
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Homophobia
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refers to the fear and hatred of those who love and sexually desire people of the same sex
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Homosexual
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persons who are sexually, physically, and emotionally attracted to people of the same sex
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Ideology
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body of ideas reflecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual group, class, or culture
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Income
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amount of money that a family earns from wages and salaries, interest, dividends, rent, gifts, and transfer payments
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Individual discrimination
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behavior of individual members of one group/category that is intended to have a differential and/or harmful effect on members of another group/category
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Institutional discrimination
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policies of dominant group institutions, and the behavior of individuals who implement these policies and control these institutions, that are intended to have a differential and/or harmful effect on subordinate groups
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Intergenerational mobility
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a child's class position relative to the child's parents
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In the closet
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someone who has not revealed his or her GLBT sexual orientation to others
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Intersexed
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a person having physical attributes of both males and females
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Intragenerational mobility
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degree to which a young worker who enters the labor force can improve his or her class position within a single lifetime
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Lesbian
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homosexual females
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master status
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one that has a profound effect on one's life and that dominates or overwhelms the other statuses one occupies
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Meritocracy
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stratified society wherein the most skilled people have the better jobs and the least skilled people have the lowest-paying jobs, regardless of race, gender, age, and so on
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Occupational sex segregation
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differential distribution of men and women in into sex-appropriate occupations in the labor force
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Oppression
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a dynamic process by which one segment of society achieves power and privilege through the control and exploitation of other groups, which are burdened and pushed down into the lower levels of the social order
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The other
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viewed as being unlike the dominant group in profoundly different, usually negative ways
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passing
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refers to a subordinate-group member who successfully pretends to be a dominant-group member
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Patriarchy
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hierarchical system that promotes male supremacy
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Politics
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any collective action that is intended to support, influence, or change social policy or social structures
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Prejudice
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negative attitudes toward a specific group of people
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privilege
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means that some groups have something of value that is denied to others simply because of the groups they belong to; these unearned advantages give some groups a head start in seeking a better life
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racial group
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social group that is socially defined as having certain biological characteristics that set it apart from other groups, often in invidious ways
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racial ideology
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racially-based framework used by actors to explain and justify (dominant race) or challenge (subordinate race or races) the racial status quo
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racism
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system of oppression based on race
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role
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expected behavior that goes along with a specific status
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sex
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physical and biological differences between the categories of male and female
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sexism
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system of oppression based on gender
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sexual behavior
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whom we have sex with
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sexual identification
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what people call themselves
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sexual orientation
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determined by to whom we are attracted sexually, physically, and emotionally
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social constructionist
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perspective that argues that reality cannot be separated from the way a culture makes sense of it - that meaning is "constructed" through social, political, legal, scientific, and the other processes
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social mobility
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refers to individuals moving up or down in terms of their class level
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status
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refers to a position that one holds or a category that one occupies in a society
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stereotypes
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cultural beliefs about a particular group that are usually highly exaggerated and distorted, even though they may have a grain of truth
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stigma
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an attribute for which someone is considered bad, unworthy, or deeply discredited because of the category that he or she belongs to
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straight
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heterosexual people
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stratification
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refers to the way in which societies are marked by inequality, by differences among people that are regarded as being higher or lower
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structural discrimination
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policies of dominant-group institutions, and the behavior of the individuals who implement these policies and control these institutions, that are race/class/gender/sexuality neutral in intent but that have a differential and/or harmful effect on subordinate groups
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subordinate group
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a social group that lacks control of the political, economic, and cultural institutions in a society
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transgendered
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people who feel that their gender identity doesn't match their physiological body
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transsexuals
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people who have had sex change operations
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transvestites
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people who like to cross-dress, that is, wear clothes that are culturally appropriate to the opposite sex
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wealth
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assets that people own and is often expressed in terms of net worth
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