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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sociology
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the study of social structure and social interaction and the factors of change in these
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Sociological Imagination
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ability to distinguish the relationship between individual experience and social forces
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Micro/Macro
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Notes
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Manifest Functions
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functions that are intended or recognized by others
(notes) |
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Latent Functions
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functions that are unintended or unrecognized by others
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Social Structure
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relatively permanent components of our social environment
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Social Interaction
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the acts people peform with one another and the reponses they get in return
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Dysfunctions
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actions that have negative consequences for society
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Anomie
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social norms are conflicting or entirely absent
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Alienation
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people are estranged from their social world and feel that life is meaningless
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3 Sociological Theories
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Functionalist: macro (structuralism), by-the-book, defined by boundaries, Durkheim
Conflict: macro, inequality focus, Karl Marx Symbolic Interactionist: micro, intimate study |
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Continued
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Functionalism: a system of parts that work together to maintain cohesion
Conflict Theory: a collection of parts held together by social power Symbolic Interaction: socially constructed by everyday encounters between people |
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4 Realms of Sociology
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Science
Cultural Sociology Applied Research Public Action |
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Ways to Study People
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Quantitaive:
Census Controlled Experiment Qualitative: Historical Analysis Interview and Life History Participant Observation Image Analysis |
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Norms
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specific expectations about how people behave in a given situation
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Values
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preferences people share about whatis good or bad, rightor wrong, desirable or undesirable
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Symbol
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representation that stands for something else
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Culture
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the mutualllyshared products, knowledge, and beliefs of a human group or society
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Ethnocentrism
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the belief that one's own culture is superior to all other cultures
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6 Catalysts for Change
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Revolution
War Population Technology Cultural Processes Natural Catastrophes |
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5 Theories of Change
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Social Evolution
Functionalism Conflict World Systems Modernization |
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4 Types of Communal Societies
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Hunting and Gathering-nomadic, strong kinship ties
Horticulture-domestication of plants Pastoral-nomadic, domestication of animals Agrarian-surplus with plow |
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Total Institution
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a setting in which people are isolated from the reset of society and controlled by an admin. staff
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Resocialization
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a process that aims at reforming or altering an inmate's personality through manipulation and control of the environment
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The Great Social Transformation
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profound change in social relationships from communal to associational brought about by industrialization, urbanization, bureaucratization, rationalization, and globalization
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What You Should Know
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see book
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Cooley's Looking Glass Self
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process through which we imaginatively assume the reactions of other people
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Steps to Cooley's Looking Glass Self
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Image of your own appearance-how you appear to other people
Image of how others judge you-how others judge this image of you Your response to the imagined reaction of others |
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Agents of Socialization
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primary-family, peer group
secondary-school, mass media |
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4 Types of Punishment
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Retribution
Incapacitation Deterrence Rehabilitation |
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Components of the Strain Theory
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Conformity-goals and means
Innovation-accepts goals Ritualism-goes through the motions Retreatism-rejects both Rebellionj-rejects both with replacement |
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Symbolic Interaction Theories of Deviance and Crime
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Social Bond
Interpersonal Attachment Commitment Belief Cultural Transmission Labeling |
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Social Bond Theory
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focus on why people conform rather than why they deviate
Interpersonal Attachment & Commitment Belief |
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Propinquity
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tendency to choose prospective spouses from people who live close to each other
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