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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Stratification |
Term sociologists apply to the ranking or grading of individuals and groups into hierarchal layers |
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3 Types of stratification |
1. Caste 2. Class 3. Estate M |
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Open System |
people can change their status with relative ease |
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Closed system |
People have great difficulty in changing their status |
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Karl Marx stratification |
Social stratification consisted of a single economic dimension |
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Max Weber social stratification |
Other divisions exist within society that are at times independent of class.
Multidimensional view of stratification. Class (economic standing) status (prestige) party (power) |
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Objective method |
Views social class as a statistical category |
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Self placement method |
Had people identify the social class to which they think they belong |
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Reputational method |
How they classify other individuals |
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Underclass |
Term is used to describe the phenomenon of persistent poverty |
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Theories of poverty |
Culture of poverty, situational poverty, structural feature |
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Social Mobility |
Individuals or groups can move from one level (stratum) to another in the stratification system |
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Forms of Social Mobility:
Vertical mobility |
Involves movement from one social status to another of higher or lower rank |
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Forms of Social Mobility:
Horizontal mobility |
Movement from one social status to another of approximately equivalent rank |
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Forms of Social Mobility:
Intergenerational mobility |
A comparison of the social status of parents and their children at some point in their respective careers |
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Intragenerational Mobility |
A comparison of the social status of a person over an extended time |
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Education, the years of schooling completed has the greatest influence on occupational attainment |
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Race |
A group of people who see themselves and are seen by others as having hereditary traits that set them apart |
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Ethnic griups |
Groups that we identify chiefly in cultural grounds. Language, folk practices, dress, gestures, mannerisms or religion |
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Minority group |
Racially or culturally self conscious population w/ hereditary membership and a high degree of in-group marriage |
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Prejudice |
Attitudes of aversion and hostility toward the members of a group simply because they belong to it. |
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Discrimination |
Process in which members of one or more groups or categories in society are denied the privileges, prestige, power, legal rights, equal protection of the law |
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Institutional discrimination |
When the institutions of society function in a way that they produce unequal outcomes for different groups |
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Gatekeeping |
The decision making process whereby people are admitted to offices and positions of privilege,'prestige, and power w/ in a society |
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Environmental racism |
Practice of locating incinerators and other types of hazardous waste facilities in or next to minority communities |
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Assimilation |
Refers to those processes whereby groups with distinctive identities become culturally and socially fused
Melting pot tradition, ppl and cultures would produce a new ppl and new civilization |
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Assimilation |
Anglo-Conformity view: has viewed American culture as an essentially finished product on the Anglo-Saxon pattern and has insisted that immigrants promptly give up their cultural traits for those of the dominant |
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Sex |
Whether one is genetically male or female and determines the biological role that one will play in reproduction |
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Gender identities |
The conceptions we have of ourselves as being male or female |
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Gender roles |
Sets of cultural expectations that define the ways in which the members of each sex should behave. |
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Historically women have encountered prejudice and discrimination and have not had access to the institutionalized power needed to readily change this situation |
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