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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Objectivist |
Defines a social problem as one that is harmful to society. Locates a harmful condition. Attempts to measure the characteristics of that harmful condition |
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Constructionist (subjective approach) |
Conditions are viewed as problems not because of objective standards but because people think they are problems. If people don't perceive a condition as troublesome they will not define it as a social problem. (Teen Pregnancy) |
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Claim |
Statement or action or non-verbal gesture that highlights a troubling condition |
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Claimsmaking |
When an individual or a group says that a condition should be perceived as troubling, in other words, as a social problem |
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Claimsmakers |
People who feel that something is wrong and that something should be done about it |
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Natural history of a social problem |
Interactive social process by which some individuals or groups state claims about a troubling condition in order to attract attention of policymakers and the general public, in order to make a change. |
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Social Problem Process |
Claimsmaking Media Coverage Public Reaction Policymaking Social problems work Policy Outcomes |
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Resources |
What does an individual/group bring to the table |
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Rhetoric |
How are they trying to convince others that their perspective is right? |
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Rhetoric claims |
Grounds Warrants Conclusions |
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Grounds |
Description of the troubling condition |
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Range claim |
Many different kinds of people are hurt by troubling conditions |
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Warrants |
Why we should be concerned about the troubling condition; focus on why we should care |
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Conclusions |
What should be done about the social problem; the solution |
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Valence (power) issues |
Topics that nearly everyone agrees on |
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Position issues |
Topics that people take sides on and never come to a consensus |
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Outsiders |
They operate externally to sources of power in the society and so have to work hard as claimsmakers to get and maintain attention of others |
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Insiders |
Already near to sources of power and thus find it easier to conduct claimsmaking without as much attention |
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Framing |
The ways claims are structured within a larger cultural context |
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Diagnostic Frames |
Discuss the nature of the troubling condition |
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Motivational Frames |
Discuss why individuals ought to care about the condition |
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Prognostic Frames |
Explain what needs to be done to solve the troubling condition |
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Frame alignment |
Ways activists adjust their frames to the way those they want to recruit thing about the world |
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Frame bridging |
Reaching out to those who support similar causes to establish links between frames and movements |
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Frame amplification |
Using values to rally the involvement of others to the cause |
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Frame extension |
Stretching a frame in order to see if it could include what likely recruits may believe to be important |
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Frame transformation |
Activists ask potential recruits to stop seeing the world in their normal manner and see it instead how the activists do |
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Resource mobilization |
Acquiring both the assets and the know how to use them to advance the goal of eradicating the social problem |
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Kinds of individuals involved |
Beneficiaries Constituents Conscience constituents |
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Beneficiaries |
Those proposed policy will help |
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Constituents |
Individuals who support the movement |
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Conscience constituents |
Those who support the movement but are less likely to benefit from the proposed policy |
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Opportunity structures |
Moments when barriers to claimsmaking lower and social movements have the chance to make social change |
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Cultural opportunities |
When audience members, for whatever reason, suddenly lower their guard and are more likely to listen to claims about a particular troubling condition |
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Experts |
Are individuals who are believed to have specialized knowledge about a particular subject, such that others in the social problems process defer to them about this topic or closely related topics |
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Growth industry |
More and more behaviors are becoming overseen by physicians; more and more professionals loosely affiliate with medicine are using the medical model discourse |
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Biomedicalization |
Newest iteration of the medical model frame. This theory argues that biological causes (primarily genetics) explain troubling conditions and may also provide solutions for them |
