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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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People who interact in a defined territory and share a culture
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Society
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Lenski's term for the changes that occur as a society acquires new technology
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Socioculture evolution
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The use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation
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Hunting and gathering
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The use of hand tools to raise crops
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Horticulture
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The domestication of animals
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Pastoralism
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Large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources
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Agriculture
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The production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery
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Industrialism
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Technology that supports an information - based econonmy
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Postindustrialism
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The struggle between segments of soceity over valued resources
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Social conflict
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People who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits
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Capitalists
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People who sell their productive labor for wages
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Proletarians
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The major spheres of social life, or societal subsystems, organized to meet human needs
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Social institutions
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Marx's term for explanations of social problems as the shortcomings of individuals rather than as the flaws of soceity
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False Consciousness
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Conflict between entire classes over the distribution of a society's wealth and power
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Class conflict
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Marx's term for workers' recognition of themselves as a class unified in opposition to capitalists and, ultimately, to capitalism itself
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Class consciousness
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The experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness
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Alienation
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An abstract statement of the essential characteristics of any social phenomenon
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Ideal type
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Sentiments and beliefs passed from generation to generation
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Tradition
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A way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter-of-fact claculation of the most efficient means to accomplish a particular task
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Rationality
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Weber's term for the historical change from tradition to rationality as the dominant mode of human thought
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Rationalization of society
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Durkheim's designation of a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individulas
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Anomie
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Durkheim's term for social bonds, based on common sentiments and shared moral values, that are stron among members of preindustrial societies
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Mechanical solidarity
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Durkheim's term for social bonds, based on specialization and interdependence, that are strong among members of industrial societies
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Organic Solidarity
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Specialized economic activity
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Division of labor
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