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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation
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Science
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The study of society based on systematic observation of social behavior
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Sceintific Sociology
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Information we can verify with our senses
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Empirical evidence
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A mental construct that represents asome part of the world in a simplified form
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Concept
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A procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case
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Measurement
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Specifying exactly what one is to measure before assigning a value to a variable
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Operationalize a variable
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Consistency in measurement
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Reliabliity
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Actually measureing exactly what one intends to measure
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Validity
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A relationship in which change in one variable (the independent variable) cause change in another (the dependent variable)
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Cause and effect
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A variable that causes change in another (dependent) variable
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Independent variable
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A variable that is changed by another (independent) variable
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Dependent variable
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A relationship in which two (or more) variables change together
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Correlation
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An apparent, although false, relationship between two (or more) variables caused by some other variable
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Spurious correlation
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Holding constant all variables except one in order to see clearly the effect of that variable
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Control
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Personal neutrality in conducting research
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Objectivity
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Repetition of research by other investigators
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Replication
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The study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world
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Interpretive sociology
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The study of society that focuses on the need for social change
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Critical sociology
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The personal traits and social positions that members of society attach to being female and male
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Gender
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A systematic plan for conducting research
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Research Method
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A research method of investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions
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Experiment
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An unverified statement of a relationhip between variables
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Hypothesis
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A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied
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Hawthorne effect
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A research method in which sugbjects repond to a series of statements or questions in a questionnaire or an interview
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Survey
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The people who are the focus of research
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Population
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A part of a population that represents the whole
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Sample
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A series of written questions a researcher presents to subjects
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Questionnaire
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A series of questions a researcher administers in person to respondents
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Interview
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A research method in which investigators systematically obserce people while joining them in their routine activities
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Participant observation
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A research method in which a researcher uses data collected by others
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Secondary Analysis
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Reasoning that transforms specific observations into general theory
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Inductive logical thought
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Reasoning that transform general theory into specific hypothesis suitable for testing
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Deductive logical thought
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