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80 Cards in this Set
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altruistic suicide
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type of suicide that occurs where ties to the group or community are more important than individual ex. cults
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anomic suicide
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suicide that occurs when the structure of the society is weakened or disrupted and people feel hopeless
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comparative method
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compares exisiting official statistics and historical records across groups to test a theory about the same social phenomenon. ex. Durkheim
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egoistic suicide
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a type of suicide where the individual is stressed over lack of group and community connections ex. no wife, kids, weak bonds
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individualistic explanation
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tendency to attribute peoples achievements and failures to personal qualities
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sociological imagination
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ability to see the impact of social forces onour private lives ex. unemployment, divorce,
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structural functionalist perspective
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focuses on the way various parts of a society are sturctured and interrrelated to maintain stability and order ex. Talcott Parsons, and Neil Smelser ex. education, industry, reproduction
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conflict perspective
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various elements in society promote inequality and conflict among groups of people.
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Symbolic Interactionism
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seeks to understand society and social structure through interactions of people and the ways in which they subjectively define their worlds. ex. the micro level, day-to-day things
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ascribed status
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status received @ birth or taken involuntarily later on in life
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coalition
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a sub group formed when two other members unite against a third member ex. siblings
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culture
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language, customs, beliefs, rules, expectations, that characterize a society
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dyad
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a group of two people ex. spouses
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group
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set of people who interact more or less regularly and who are conscious of identity as a unit ex. family, club, sports
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latent function
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unintended, unrecognized consequences of activites designed to help some part of the social system ex. friendship in college helps to form the mannerisms of a person
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manifest function
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intended consequence of an activity to imrove society ex. going to college to get a degree
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norm
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standard of conduct ex. chewing with your mouth closed
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organization
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large, complex network of positions created for a specific purpose and characterized by a hierarchical division of labor ex. blue collar
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primary group
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direct contact and emotional attachment ex. friends, family
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role
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set of expectations, rights, obligations asscoiated with a particular status
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social institution
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, stable set of roles, statuses, groups and organizations ex. education, politics, economics, health care
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status
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named social position that people occupyex. daughter, cook, girlfriend, parent
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value
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standard of judgement by which people decide on desirable goals and outcomes
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content analysis
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form of unobtrusive research that studies the content of messages, such as books, speeches, poems, songs, ex. to see the way in which african children were portrayed
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dependent variable
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variable that is assumed to be caused by, or to change as a result of the independent variable ex. attitude toward abortion
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empirical research
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research that operates from the ideological position that questions can be answered only through controlled, systematic observations in the real world
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historical analysis
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research that relies on historical documents as a source of data
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incorrigible proposition
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unquestioned cultural belief that cannot be proved wrong no matter what happens to dispute it ex. apocalypse
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indicator
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measurable event, characteristic, or behavior cmmonly thought to reflect a particular aspect ex. turning in homework an indicator of effort
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moral entrepeneur
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group that works to have its concerns translated into law ex. abolitionists, pro-choicers
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manifest function
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intended consequence of an activity to imrove society ex. going to college to get a degree
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norm
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standard of conduct ex. chewing with your mouth closed
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organization
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large, complex network of positions created for a specific purpose and characterized by a hierarchical division of labor ex. blue collar
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primary group
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direct contact and emotional attachment ex. friends, family
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role
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set of expectations, rights, obligations asscoiated with a particular status
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social institution
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, stable set of roles, statuses, groups and organizations ex. education, politics, economics, health care
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status
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named social position that people occupyex. daughter, cook, girlfriend, parent
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value
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standard of judgement by which people decide on desirable goals and outcomes
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content analysis
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form of unobtrusive research that studies the content of messages, such as books, speeches, poems, songs, ex. to see the way in which african children were portrayed
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dependent variable
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variable that is assumed to be caused by, or to change as a result of the independent variable ex. attitude toward abortion
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empirical research
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research that operates from the ideological position that questions can be answered only through controlled, systematic observations in the real world
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historical analysis
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research that relies on historical documents as a source of data
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incorrigible proposition
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unquestioned cultural belief that cannot be proved wrong no matter what happens to dispute it ex. apocalypse
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indicator
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measurable event, characteristic, or behavior cmmonly thought to reflect a particular aspect ex. turning in homework an indicator of effort
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moral entrepeneur
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group that works to have its concerns translated into law ex. abolitionists, pro-choicers
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manifest function
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intended consequence of an activity to imrove society ex. going to college to get a degree
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norm
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standard of conduct ex. chewing with your mouth closed
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organization
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large, complex network of positions created for a specific purpose and characterized by a hierarchical division of labor ex. blue collar
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primary group
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direct contact and emotional attachment ex. friends, family
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role
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set of expectations, rights, obligations asscoiated with a particular status
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social institution
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, stable set of roles, statuses, groups and organizations ex. education, politics, economics, health care
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status
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named social position that people occupyex. daughter, cook, girlfriend, parent
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value
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standard of judgement by which people decide on desirable goals and outcomes
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content analysis
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form of unobtrusive research that studies the content of messages, such as books, speeches, poems, songs, ex. to see the way in which african children were portrayed
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dependent variable
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variable that is assumed to be caused by, or to change as a result of the independent variable ex. attitude toward abortion
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empirical research
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research that operates from the ideological position that questions can be answered only through controlled, systematic observations in the real world
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historical analysis
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research that relies on historical documents as a source of data
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incorrigible proposition
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unquestioned cultural belief that cannot be proved wrong no matter what happens to dispute it ex. apocalypse
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indicator
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measurable event, characteristic, or behavior cmmonly thought to reflect a particular aspect ex. turning in homework an indicator of effort
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moral entrepeneur
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group that works to have its concerns translated into law ex. abolitionists, pro-choicers
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probabalistic
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capable of identifying only those forces that have a high likelihood, but not a certainty ex. x will not ALWAYS equal y. btu most of the time
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quantative research
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sociological research based on non-numerical info ex. text, words, symbols, written observations
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representative
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typical of the whole pop being studied
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sample
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subgroup chosen for a study b/c the chracteristics will approximate for the whole group
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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assumption or perdiction that causes the expected event to occur ex. toy sales
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social construction of reality
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process through which the members of a society discover, make known, reaffirm and alter facts, knowledge and "truth" ex. dont let a baby sit in your lab, etc
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unobtrusive research
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research where the researcher examines evidence of social behavior that peole leave behind. ex. a footprint?, the dent in front of the fridge
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variable
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any characteristic, attitude behavior, or event that can take two or more values or attributes
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visual sociology
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method of studying society that uses photos, video and film either as data or sources about social life.
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ethnocentrism
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tendency to judge other's standards using one's own personal judgement ex. trying to convert a buddhist, Hitler
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folkway
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informal norm that is mildly punished when violated. ex. chewing with mouth open
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institutionalized norm
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pattern of behavior within exisiting social situations that is widely accepted in society ex. going to college
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material culture
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artifacts of a society which represent adaptations to the social and physical environment ex. clothes, cars, technology
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more (mor ayz)
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highly codified, formal systemized norm that brings severe punishment when violated ex. killing someone
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nonmaterial culture
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knowledge, beliefs, customs that are sharedby members of a societyand distinguish the society from others
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sanction
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social response that punishes or otherwise discourages violations of a social norm. ex. the public execution of that one guy
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sick role
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set of norms that one is supposed to behave like when one is sick. ex. not behaving normally but also seeking out professional help and medication
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subculture
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values, behaviors an artifacts of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture
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Stanley Miligram
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This man set out to answer this question. He wanted to know how far people would go in ordering the commands of an authority with a 450 watt flip switch. the results were that people generally listen to authorities
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Stanley Miligram
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This man set out to answer this question. He wanted to know how far people would go in ordering the commands of an authority with a 450 watt flip switch. the results were that people generally listen to authorities
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