Sociology 001

Front 1

The entire human environment, including direct contact with others

Back 1

Social Environment

Front 2

Children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from other humans

Back 2

Feral Children

Front 3

The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group

Back 3

Socialization

Front 4

The unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves "from the outside"

Back 4

Self

Front 5

A term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others' reactions to us

Back 5

Looking-glass self

Front 6

Putting oneself in someone else's shoes

Back 6

Taking the role of the other

Front 7

An individual who significantly influences someone else's life

Back 7

Significant Other

Front 8

The norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people "in general"

Back 8

Generalized Other

Front 9

Freud's term for our inborn basic drives

Back 9

Id

Front 10

Freud's term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society

Back 10

Ego

Front 11

Freud's term for the conscience, the internalized norms and values of our social groups

Back 11

Superego

Front 12

The ways in which society sets children onto different courses in life because they are male or female

Back 12

Gender Socialization

Front 13

A group of individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests

Back 13

Peer group

Front 14

Forms of communication, such as radio, newspapers, and television that are directed to mass audiences

Back 14

Mass Media

Front 15

The behaviors and attitudes considered appropriate because one is a male or a female

Back 15

Gender Role

Front 16

A social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others

Back 16

Social Inequality

Front 17

People or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life

Back 17

Agents of Socialization

Front 18

The intended beneficial consequences of people's actions

Back 18

Latent Functions

Front 19

Because one anticipates a future role, one learns parts of it now

Back 19

Anticipatory Socialization

Front 20

The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors

Back 20

Resocialization

Front 21

A place in which people are cu off from the rest of society and are almost totally controlled by the officials who run the place

Back 21

Total institution

Front 22

A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to describe an attempt remake the self by stripping away an individuals self identity and stamping a new identity in its place

Back 22

Degradation Ceremony

Front 23

The stages of our life as we go from birth to death

Back 23

Life Course

Front 24

A term that refers to a period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood

Back 24

Transitional adulthood

Front 25

The mostly invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top levels at work

Back 25

Glass Ceiling

Front 26

The mostly invisible accelerators that push men into higher-level positions, more desirable work assignments, and higher salaries

Back 26

Glass Escalator

Front 27

The abuse of one's position of authority to force unwanted sexual demands on someone

Back 27

Sexual Harassment

Front 28

A society whose economy increasingly centers around the application of genetics

Back 28

Biotech Society

Front 29

Individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together

Back 29

Aggregate

Front 30

People who have similar characteristics

Back 30

Category

Front 31

A group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation

Back 31

Primary Group

Front 32

Compared with a primary group, a larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity

Back 32

Secondary Group

Front 33

Groups toward which one feels loyalty

Back 33

In-groups

Front 34

Groups toward which one feels antagonism

Back 34

Out-groups

Front 35

A group that we use as a standard to evaluate ourselves

Back 35

Reference Group

Front 36

A cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another

Back 36

Clique

Front 37

The social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together

Back 37

Social Network

Front 38

Individuals who regularly interact with one another on the internet who think of themselves as belonging together

Back 38

Electronic community

Front 39

Using one's social networks for some gain

Back 39

Networking

Front 40

A society in which women as a group dominate men as a group

Back 40

Matriarchy

Front 41

Authority more or less equality divided between people or groups, in this instance between husband and wife

Back 41

Egalitarian

Front 42

Intended beneficial consequences of people's actions

Back 42

Manifest Functions

Front 43

Unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions

Back 43

Latent Functions

Front 44

The use of diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs, even though the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work

Back 44

Credential Society

Front 45

In reference to education, the ways in which schools transmit a society's culture, especially its core values

Back 45

Cultural Transmission of Values

Front 46

Helping people become part of the mainstream society

Back 46

Mainstreaming

Front 47

The process by which education opens and closes doors of opportunity

Back 47

Gatekeeping

Front 48

The sorting of students into different educational programs on the basis of real or perceived abilities

Back 48

Tracking

Front 49

A function of education- funneling people into a society's various positions

Back 49

Social Placement

Front 50

The unwritten goals of school, such as teaching obedience to authority and conformity to cultural norms

Back 50

Hidden Curriculum

Front 51

The sociological principle that schools correspond to

Back 51

Correspondence Principle