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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Auguste Comte 1798–1857
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Systematic investigation of behavior were
needed to improve society Coined term “sociology” |
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Harriet Martineau (1802–1876)
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Studied social practices in Britain and U.S.
Emphasized impact of economy, law, trade, health, and population on social problems |
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Herbert Spencer 1820–1903
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Studied “evolutionary” change in society
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Émile Durkheim (1858–1917)
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Behavior must be understood within
larger social context Concluded that religion reinforces a group’s solidarity |
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Max Weber (1864–1920)
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To comprehend behavior, must learn subjective meaning people attach to actions
Ideal type: construct for evaluating specific cases |
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Karl Marx (1818-1883)
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Society divided between two classes
that clash in pursuit of their own interests Worked with Engels Emphasized group identifications and associations that influence one’s place in society Working class needed to overthrow existing class system |
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Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929)
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Used sociological perspective to examine face-to-face groups such as families, gangs, and friendship
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Jane Addams (1860–1935)
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Combined intellectual inquiry, social service work, and political activism
Cofounded Hull House |
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Robert Merton (1910–2003)
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Combined theory and research
Developed explanations of deviant behavior Macrosociology and micro |
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Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002)
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Capital in its many forms sustains individuals and families from one generation to the next
Material goods Accumulation of knowledge Prestige Culture Formal schooling |
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Talcott Parsons (1902–1979)
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Viewed society as vast network of
connected parts, each of which helps maintain the system as a whole. (Functionalist) |
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George Herbert Mead (1863—1931)
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Generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction to explain society as a whole (Interactionist)
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Freud
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Stressed role of inborn drives
Natural impulsive instincts in constant conflict with societal constraints Personality influenced by others (especially one’s parents) Self has components that work in opposition to each other |
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Piaget
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Emphasized stages that humans progress through as the self develops
Cognitive theory of development identified 4 stages in development of children’s thought processes Social interaction key to development |
