Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Losing one's cultural identity and not having any psychological contact with the larger society; feelings of "not belonging anywhere"
|
Marginalization
Ex: Hmong in US and Russians in Lativia |
|
|
poorly equipped for the US; religion full of sacrifice; highest welfare dependency; villages were attacked after Vietnam; "free men" or diverse group
|
Hmong
|
|
|
forcibly exiled from homelands
|
diaspora
|
|
|
Russians moved here while the country was under Soviet control; Russian 1st language to 40% of population; public schools in this country required to teach 60% of instruction in original language, NOT Russian; this country was muliethnic during most of its history
|
Russians in Latvia
|
|
|
immigrated to the US for religious purposes-defining cultural identity for them; no voting; History-Anabaptist; 1720s Pennsylvania; today, 130,000 in N. America; no SocialSec; do not condone technology; teen boys "time outs"; male dominated; farm work; change does not come easy; different affiliations
|
Amish
|
|
|
Non Amish
|
"English"
|
|
|
no technology
|
Old Order Amish
|
|
|
telephones; powered farm equipment; battery and generator, no public electricity
|
New Order Amish
|
|
|
both cars and electricity
|
Beachy Amish
|
|
|
separate but equal; perfectly okay and right to have equal facilities as long as they were separate; prevented acculturation, contributed to separate culture identity
|
Plessy v. Ferguson
|
|
|
maintaining one's cultural identity while not participating in the larger culture (forced)
|
segregation
|
|
|
could be voluntary and strong sense of cultural identity
|
separation
|
|
|
subjugated by fear; broke up family units;submissive beahvior; conform to English; not voluntary; own language developed-spoken word, strong collective mentality
|
Slavery
|
|
|
stories of escaped slaves
|
maroons
|
|
|
Civil War; Reconstruction; 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson; 1910-1920 The Great Migration; white culture as a standard (colorism); Afrocentrism; Marcus Garvey
|
Segregation
|
|
|
manifestation of African culture in the context of the US
|
Afrocentrism
|
|
|
importance of African heritage
|
negritude
|
|
|
Black English; represents a troubling legacy of separation; provides cultural identification
|
Ebonics
|
|
|
power of the spoken word
|
Nommo
|
|
|
WWII; 1954 Brown v. the Board of Education; access to cultural institutions; schools, housing, voting
|
Integration
|
|
|
listener participation
|
call-response
|
|
|
based most often on economic or social class, ethnicity, race, or geography; large number of people, generations; voluntary segregation?; media; marketing; schools; 320 Afrocentric schools, 50,000 students; Holiday-Kwanzaa
|
Culture Within a Culture
|
|
|
WWII-divided Germany; $1.2 tril on unification; 1989 Wall fell; two separate cultures had developed- East and West; languages began to diverge; values different; the wall is gone, but there is still a wall in people's heads
|
German Reunification
|
|
|
individualistic, confident, open, upfront
|
West Germany
|
|
|
introverted, passive, loyal, withdrawn
|
East Germany
|
|
|
naive, confused, inexperienced--East
|
Ossie
|
|
|
slick, arrogant, know-it-all--West
|
Wessie
|
|
|
Black-White Achievement Gap; Black-White Health Disparities; Is it racial or is it economic?
|
Integration Challenges
|
|
|
Mobility (immigration); Voluntariness (African slaves vs. Cuban refugees); Permanence (African Americans and Mexican Americans vs. exchange students)
|
Intercultural Contact
|
|
|
Came to US for labor in Gold Rush and Transcont. Railroad; Naturalization Act of 1870 excluded all Asians from citizenship; Act expanded in 1910 to exclude all Asians from citizenship; went on until WWII because they were one of our allies
|
Separation: Asian Immigration into the US
|
|
|
those who have not historically had access to or influence on the dominant culture's institutions. (any number of demographic classifications)
|
Non-dominant groups
|
|
|
Who is holds the power in the US?
|
young, able-bodied, White, heterosexual males
|
|
|
policies ranged from forced assimilation (Taiwan aboriginal tribers were forced to adopt Chinese names and punished for speaking languages) to forced separation (Brazil's indigenous peoples)
|
Separation: Indigenous Culture
|
|
|
changes in public opinions; intermarriage; integrated housing; employment opportunities; politics; societal acceptance of diversity
|
Integration Successes- Restructuring of American society
|
|
|
each of is lives in many diverse groups and so is not confined to only one group; stretches the boundaries of "we"; prefers voluntary to prescribes affiliations; appreciates multiple identities, pushes fro communities of wide scope, recognizes the constructed character of ethno-racial groups.
|
Posethnicity
|
|
|
White privilege-whites (right handers) don;t notice their dominance
|
being right-handed
|
|
|
shared values; specialized media; targeted marketing
|
subgroups
|
|
|
specialized vocab of subgroups; important aspect of group identity; sets group boundaries; some is absorbed into mainstream culture; types: jargon, cant, slang
|
argot
|
|
|
technical language of a professional subgroup (doctors, lawyers)
|
jargon
|
|
|
specialized vocab of any nonprofessional subgroup (truck drivers)
|
cant
|
|
|
specialized vocab of "stigmatized" subgroups (gangs, drug dealers, prostitutes)
|
slang
|
|
|
"the way we do things around here"; have their own argot, dress code, values, rituals, heroes, advertising; 1980s buzz word
|
corporate cultures
|
|
|
based on the researcher's orderly and scientific study of a subgroup by actually becoming accepted as a member
|
participant observer
|
|
|
corporate culture: interstate carrier; Kelleher 1966; "culture committee"; servant leadership-family; trust; hard work; fun
|
Southwest Airlines
|
|
|
dehumanizing; "gay" and "straight" do not exist in some cultures; "homosexual" came about in 1869-thought of as a mental illness
|
labeling
|
|
|
removing stigma of demeaning words and symbols; politcal uses, positive meanings, pink triangles
|
claiming and redefining labels: self-labeling
|
|
|
aka Joe the Plumber; social class=basis for a subculture; values include: loyalty to community, lack fo sense of entitlement, shared resentment of the "haves"; Philipsen's communication studies-manliness and the appropriateness of speech
|
Working Class
|
|
|
random use of objects to parody consumerism; British white working class; self-constructed "otherness"; cultural diffusion=Chinese punk, punk rock bands; plastic punk
|
British punk
|
|
|
argot ("gayspeak"); media and marketing (pre and post Stonewall gay male writers); Supreme Court ruling on magazine; specialized media, market research (6-10% are gay)
|
Subgroup Indicators
|
|
|
irrational fear of gay men and lesbians; heterosexism; hate crimes
|
homophobia
|
|
|
giving up one's original cultural i.d. and moving into full participation in the new culture
|
assimilation
|
|
|
maintaining important parts of one's original culture as well as becoming a integral part of the new culture
|
integration
|
|
|
"White Australia" moved to cultural diversity; Chinese 2nd most common language; in Sydney, 1/3 of population is from overseas; ethnicity and ethnic groups- languages and values; racial, rather than cultural differentiation; identitiy politics-the discourse is focused on the rights; cultural pluralism-leaves traditional groups still in charge politically
|
Australia and Identity Politics
|
|
|
pressure to assimilate are more economic than legal; homogenized society; pop culture myth; from 1908 play; encourage ethnic uniformity; symphony or stew--cultural pluralism
|
US and Melting Pot Concept
|
|
|
ethnic preservation OR the awareness of interdependence of the world's peoples
|
multiculturalism
|
|
|
1965 Immigration Law abolished national origin quotas; 1975 End of Vietnam Conflict, bringing more immigrants; more normal relations with China; 11.9 in America; hemisphere quotas
|
Asian American Culture
|
|
|
highly assimilated; strong family values supported by media and segmented marketing; "model minority"
|
Japanese
|
|
|
Chinese largest group (25%); Japanese smallest (8%); San Francisco, LA, NY-urban dwellers, prosperous, well-educated; core value=family
|
Asian American Culture
|
|
|
value quality above price and convenience; above median income; brand loyalty
|
Asian American Segmented Marketing
|
|
|
appeal to financial security and family responsibility; Asian languages used in ads, banks, promos, and press releases; ethnic foods in supermarkets; NACMS-textbook featuring diverse funeral customs
|
Asian American Cultural Awareness in Adv
|
|
|
American born Chinese kids; fully assimilated; language issues; identity issues; stereotypes
|
ABC kids
|
|
|
What is a consequence of labeling? (setting people labeled apart)
|
categorization
|
|
|
English and Spanish; code-switching
|
Spanglish
|
|
|
refers to the populaiton with the ability to speak and comprehend the Spanish language-whether as a primary or secondary language
|
Spanish-speaking
|
|
|
refers to the population segment whose last name has been identified as Spanish by the US Census Bureau
|
Spanish-surnamed
|
|
|
people who came from a Spanish-speaking country or whose ancestors came from a Spanish-speaking country
|
Spanish-origin
|
|
|
speak language; ancestry in Spanish country; identify with culture
|
Hispanic
|
|
|
born in US, ancestors from Mexico
|
Chicano
|
|
|
Spanish speakers who came from or have ancestors from Latin America
|
Latino
|
|
|
term used in Texas to refer to people born in Texas of Mexican ancestry
|
Tejano
|
|
|
many shared values, morals, family-oriented; largest labor fporce, least on welfare, highest rate of family formation; longer life expectancy and less risk for disease
|
"Hispanic Perspectives"
|
|
|
recognizes that groups based on affiliations are as substantive and authentic as groups based on blood and history; in US, may be an extension of extreme individualism
|
Postethnicity
|
|
|
160 nationalities, 148 mil people, 11 time zones, twice the size of the US; if current birth rate and short average life span continue, Russians will be minority--currently 80% of pop; Russia-federation of ethnicities; 89 republics and provinces; 54 mil people looking for new identity
|
Post-Communist Russia
|
|
|
desire for belonging on the basis of one's worth
|
inclusion
|
|
|
fragmentation of not belonging
|
separation
|
|
|
US mainstream culture; direct communication; behavior guided by personal goals; expected to develop talents, abilities; and aptitudes to their full potential
|
Individualism
|
|
|
serve group; indirect communication; primary groups: families, neighbors, occupational groups; interdependent; ingroup preservation
|
Collectivism
|
|
|
group oriented; Archipelago; seafood and little arable land; homogenic because they are separated by water; high on masculinity; high context communication style
|
Japan
|
|
|
strive for strong distinction between the roles of men and women; stress material success and competition
|
Masculine
|
|
|
colder climates; more reproductive control
|
Feminine
|
|
|
"the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally"
|
power distance
|
|
|
minimize inequalities; interdependece; decisions made democratically; people treated equal
|
LOWER power distance
|
|
|
less powerful people are expected to be dependent on more powerful people; strict hierarchy within families; older members given respect; US becoming this way
|
HIGHER power distance
|
|
|
the degree to which people within a given culture feel threatened by unknown and uncertain situations; tolerance varies either weak or strong; nervousness or stress
|
Uncertainty Avoidance
|
|
|
Confucian work dynamism: values= THRIFT; PERSISTENCE; SENSE OF SHAME; ORDERING RELATIONSHIPS
|
Long term v. short term orientation
|
|
|
five economic dragons; thrift, savings, perserverance
|
Long term orientation
|
|
|
spending to keep up with social press, less savings, quick results
|
short term orientation
|
|
|
activity and work; efficiency and practicality; progress and change (change is good); time orientation (time is a commodity)
|
Dominant US Cultural Patterns
|
|
|
culture transcends time and space; no separation of church and state; Islam; women and men equal in some ways but not identical; public places segregated by sex; women-keep chastity, dress conservatively
|
Arab states
|
|
|
nationalism, pan-Arabism, Islam
|
3 Arab political and cultural trends
|
|
|
Who originally spread Islam?
|
Arab
|
|
|
the most conservative of Muslim countries; oil; good relations with US; ultraconservative Wahhabism
|
Saudi Arabia
|
|
|
among the most tolerant Islamic countries; forward-thinking; constitutional government' women voters
|
Oman
|
|
|
Why is Iran not in the Arab states?
|
because they don't speak Farsi
|
|
|
economic opportunities; marriage
|
pull factors
|
|
|
Potato Famine
|
push factor
|
|
|
one country's control over another
|
hegemony
|
|
|
honeymoon stage; irritation; reintegration; gradual autonomy; biculturism
|
Five stages of culture shock
|
|
|
re-entry shock
|
reverse culture shock
|
