Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Practices of Brotherhood
|
Four different aspects of fraternity lifestyle make the “brothers” more likely to coerce women into sexual acts
Loyalty, group protection, and secrecy Alcohol as a weapon Violence and physical force Competition and Superiority Violence and Physical Force Fraternities have a history of using violence in every day life Allegations of violent hazing and parties Fraternities “are the third riskiest property to insure behind toxic waste dumps and amusement parks” Traditional use of violence and physical force with little repercussion leads to a likely rape Competition and Superiority Interfraternity rivalry fosters in-group identification and out-group hostility Fraternities gain prestige and pride over being the best Competition is particularly fierce over women |
|
|
Practices of Brotherhood
Loyalty, Group Protection, and Secrecy |
The highest order of the fraternity is to protect the fraternity
“The first rule of fight club is that we do not talk about fight club” Protection to the organization is created by the protection of each individual member Secrecy and protection allow for an individual or group of individuals to commit a deviant act and know they have an alibi and support cast Allows for rape to be committed with little fear of repercussions Research shows that individuals are aware of right and wrong but the guiding principles of the fraternity overpower these ideas |
|
|
Practices of Brotherhood
Alcohol as a Weapon |
The use of alcohol to gain sex is pervasive in frats
Unique to frats? Especially desirable to have sex with a “prim and proper” sorority girl Planned to feed spiked drinks to the “uptight” sorority in order to have sex with them Telling that one frat member said that gang rapes were wrong but did not think that one on one interaction was wrong with relation to alcohol |
|
|
Practices of Brotherhood
Violence and Physical Force |
Fraternities have a history of using violence in every day life
Allegations of violent hazing and parties Fraternities “are the third riskiest property to insure behind toxic waste dumps and amusement parks” Traditional use of violence and physical force with little repercussion leads to a likely rape |
|
|
Practices of Brotherhood
Competition and Superiority |
Interfraternity rivalry fosters in-group identification and out-group hostility
Fraternities gain prestige and pride over being the best Competition is particularly fierce over women |
|
|
The last aspect of fraternity life that makes them likely perpetrators of rape is the commodification of women
|
1. Women as bait
Use of scantily clad women in recruiting videos and pamphlets Women as Servers Little Sister Program Undergrad females are associate with the frat as unofficial members Pay dues and provide support for all fraternity members “Benefit from the protection of the brothers” Sound familiar? Generates a gender stratification that subordinates women 3. Women as Sexual Prey “After I became a Greek, I found out I could be with females at will.” Little sisters become a sexual utility They do not have the support of a sorority and have no group to protect them from the advances “We’ll tell the sweetheart, “You’re gorgeous; you can get him.” We’ll tell her to fake a scam and she’ll go hang all over him during a rush party. Kiss him, and he thinks he's done wonder and wants to join. The girls think its great too. Its flattering for them. |
|
|
The last aspect of fraternity life that makes them likely perpetrators of rape is the commodification of women
Women as bait |
Use of scantily clad women in recruiting videos and pamphlets
“We’ll tell the sweetheart, “You’re gorgeous; you can get him.” We’ll tell her to fake a scam and she’ll go hang all over him during a rush party. Kiss him, and he thinks he's done wonder and wants to join. The girls think its great too. Its flattering for them. |
|
|
The last aspect of fraternity life that makes them likely perpetrators of rape is the commodification of women
Women as Servers |
Little Sister Program
Undergrad females are associate with the frat as unofficial members Pay dues and provide support for all fraternity members “Benefit from the protection of the brothers” Sound familiar? Generates a gender stratification that subordinates women |
|
|
The last aspect of fraternity life that makes them likely perpetrators of rape is the commodification of women
Women as Sexual Prey |
After I became a Greek, I found out I could be with females at will.”
Little sisters become a sexual utility They do not have the support of a sorority and have no group to protect them from the advances |
|
|
Commodification of women
|
Knowing and willing using women for the benefit of the fraternity
|
|
|
Deviance organizations and acts resemble those in normative society
|
We refer to the phases of a deviants evolutions as a “career”
Entry; upward, lateral mobility; career peaks; aging, burning out Deviant trajectories, no matter what the actual act of deviance, tend to be similar Most research done on the beginning and end of deviant careers Stages that occur within deviance are hard to study because deviants are still active |
|
|
Limits of this comparison to a legitimate career
|
Legitimate work has several varieties of structure
Patterns of deviant careers are much more flexible |
|
|
Three Stages of a deviant career
|
Entry – how the individual begins being a deviant
Managing deviance – Stage that consists of being a deviant Exit – process of actually leaving the deviant lifestyle and reentering legitimate life |
|
|
Three Stages of a deviant career
entry |
Can take many shapes, no one way to enter
Some people enter deviance on their own Most do it with encouragement and assistance from others Shifting circle of friends A whole group of peers drift into deviance Become members of a new cycle of friends that are based on a deviant commonality Can be precipitous or controlled Repetitive as well as dissimilarity |
|
|
Three Stages of a deviant career
managing devise |
Must navigate their deviance
Their relationship within deviant communities Their safety from agents of social control Must evolve a personal style for deviance Must balance their deviant careers with normative ones |
|
|
Three Stages of a deviant career
exit |
Factors that both push people out of deviant life and pull them back into the conventional world
Particularly likely with extended and exploitative deviance Participants may burn out in extended deviance Returning to legitimate jobs is often extremely difficult Earning potential is reduced and have strict spending patterns Used to having no responsibilities May have trouble making a resume explaining lapse in times between real jobs |
|
|
Exiting Child Molesting
3 basic stages in the transition out of active offending |
1. boundry reemergence phase
Period of mounting regret, self-questioning, and moral recognition of wrongdoings 2. detection phase Experience a forced exit through confrontation by a nonoffending spouse or parent or victim who exposed the behavior Sudden and withough forewarning 3. reaction and devastation phase Occurs after exposure Experience emotional relief Despair over possibility of losing everything Can experience both at once |
|
|
basic stages in the transition out of active offending
1. boundry reemergence phase |
Period of mounting regret, self-questioning, and moral recognition of wrongdoings
|
|
|
transition out of active offending
detection phase |
Experience a forced exit through confrontation by a nonoffending spouse or parent or victim who exposed the behavior
Sudden and withough forewarning |
|
|
transition out of active offending
reaction and devestation phase |
Occurs after exposure
Experience emotional relief Despair over possibility of losing everything Can experience both at once |
|
|
Becoming engulfed with fear
|
Offenders early in the career are not afraid of being caught
Did not view the act as a crime Thought they were smarter than everybody else Could stop if they wanted Victim wont say anything As behavior progressed they begin to offend more egregiously Victims become more independent based on needing to get out of deviant relationship Fear at getting caught becomes real |
|
|
Regaining temporary control
|
Done with great pride
Almost always lapse back into offending Control can stem from internal or external control Internal – Feelings of remorse and guilt over victimization External – Stop due to structural reasons, fear of getting caught, life disruption |
|
|
Reacting to being discovered
2 Stages of being discovered 1. immediate reaction stage Relief/ intense panic 2. delay reaction phase Rock bottom |
2 Stages of being discovered
1. immediate reaction stage Relief/ intense panic 2. delay reaction phase |
|
|
Assumptions of what sex offenders are and stereotypical views of them
|
Research into sexual offenders and their characteristics started in the 1940s
Main focus is determining what personal characteristics make person into a sex offender One of the first pieces of research is still one of the few pieces of research that has looked specifically at where the crime is committed Found that 82% of sex crimes are committed within the offenders neighborhood Lead to the justice system collecting data on the residence of known sex offenders Very few common personal commonalties between sex offenders Stereotypical view Homicidal, excessive sexual drives, readily identifiable by physical appearance, progress from less serious to more serious offenses None of these stereotypical views are supported by empirical research |
|
|
ctual commonalities
|
Does not mean there are no commonalities
Work jobs with high degree of personal isolation Avoid close personal relationships Create high degrees of conflict between others in life |
|
|
Sex offender notification laws in Arizona
|
Sex offender policy and notification laws in Arizona
If convicted of a sex based crime you are required to register as an offender Arizona includes offenses such as adultery as registerable offenses Process of registration and notification in Arizona Sex offender released from jail/prison they are immediately entered into a statewide database Given a “risk assessment” at this time Risk level 1, 2, 3 Risk level 1 must register but is at the discretion of the DOJ in terms of community notification Risk level 2 and 3 demand a notification of those in the immediate are of residence Community Notification “…Surrounding neighborhood, area schools, appropriate community groups and prospective employers” must all be notified “Notification shall include a flyer with a photograph and exact address of the offender as well as a summary of the offender’s status and criminal background. A press release and a level two or three flyer shall be given to the local electronic and print media to enable information to be placed in a local publication.” Not academically investigated as of yet Mandatory notification of surrounding areas and institutions effectively limits the area a sex offender can live and will cause “deviant enclaves” to form in areas where stigma is not felt |
|
|
Why thy number of sex offenders were normalized – “…per 1,000 people”
|
Transformed raw count of sex offenders in zip code to number of offenders per 1,000 inhabitants of the area
Different trends are seen when number of offenders are normalized Sex offenders are disproportionately settling in rural areas Could be a consequence of the realities of the mandatory notification process in Arizona |
|
|
What the empirical data demonstrates with relation to where sex offenders are actually living
|
South and central Phoenix again demonstrate levels of sex offenders that are well above the norm
Scottsdale and Paradise Valley are well below the mean Zip code 85007 operating as a deviant enclave? |
|
|
Are sex offenders congregating in areas of high school concentration
|
Does it appear as though sex offenders are disproportionately settling in areas with high concentrations of schools
No clear trend or correlation |
