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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of deviance
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a violation of social norms
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Norms
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codes of conduct that guieds peoples actions; sets the precedent of social acceptability
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folkways
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Norms based on tradition, etiquette, or custom
Violations of folkways do not draw strong condemnation from others in society but do cast an unfavorable light on the deviant Examples – Standards of dress, physical closeness |
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mores
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Norms based on broad societal morals
Violations generate more serious condemnations than folkway infractions; “wicked” Seen as being the fabric that holds society together Examples – Drug use, Prostitution, Interracial relationships |
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laws
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Codified norms
Violations constitute legal and physical punishment Usually the strongest mores turn into laws Examples – Murder, Gambling(?) |
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abc's of deviance
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Attitudes – Alternative sets of belief systems
Can fall into religious or political category Cults/Extremists Deviant belief systems caused by mental illness “…people with chemical, emotional, or psychological problems may be considered deviant.” Really? In this Category Behavioral – Public actions are abnormal May be intentional or inadvertent Examples - Violating dress norms, abnormal sexual practices, committing murder, (Mental Illness?) Conditional – the structural constraints of the individual forces a deviant persona Ascribed Status – Being born into a deviant status Examples – Race, Congenital Handicap, (Mental Illness?) Achieved Status – Attaining a deviant status by creating deviant conditions of life Examples – Body Modification, Anorexia/Obesity(?), (Mental Illness?) |
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ascribed
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Being born into a deviant status
Examples – Race, Congenital Handicap, (Mental Illness?) |
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acheived
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Attaining a deviant status by creating deviant conditions of life
Examples – Body Modification, Anorexia/Obesity(?), (Mental Illness?) |
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problems with the definition of deviance- levels of commuity and changing definition community
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Definitions of deviance all rely upon the community in which the deviant act/person occurs
Different levels of deviance definition Micro – Family, Extended Family, Block, Neighborhood, Town Macro – State, Nation, International, Continent, Universe The definition of what is deviant may or may not change at each level of community |
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community- role in defining deviance
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a group of people who share contact, a system of beliefs, and way of life
Propinquity important? Communities serve to socialize and to provide a basis on which to base action It sets and maintains boundaries for the individual Communities determine exactly what things are considered taboo |
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community- how we learn our boundaries from community
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How are these boundaries passed on from creation to the members of a community?
Socialization – Parents teach children what to do and when to do things; Obedience Public Spectacle – Interactions between the state polity and individuals at odds are most highly publicized Takes the form of trials and/or wars Local news consists of publicizing boundary pushing acts and contrasting with boundary idealizing stories |
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community- 2 ways boundaries are creatged
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Only through the constant testing of what is allowed do we understand what the boundaries of our community are
We know what is not allowed and what is left is what is allowed; essentially the negative space of deviance is what is proper |
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community- the necessity of deviance
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We consistently use deviance to define and create communities and community boundaries, therefore deviance must be an unconditional and permanent aspect of all communities
Police forces, courts, lawyers, broadcasting, sociologists, all rely upon deviance for monetary gain What happens if we rid our society of deviance? Do we become stagnant? If not to stop deviance what is the function of having a criminal justice system or fighting wars? |
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community- when does a community care about rehabilitation
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We place little resource into the rehabilitation of the deviants unless it is in the best interest of the community
Prisons have long been known to be places that only serve to create bigger and better crooks (Mike Tyson) Death penalties rehabilitative purpose? Once a Deviant always a deviant? |
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positive vs. negative deviance
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Exceeding normative expectations in a way that will not harm the community as a whole
Normative – positive deviance occurs when people over-conform to expectations Reactivist – positive deviance occurs when people can perfrom some type of activity on a level higher than others in a community Actions that push the boundaries of a community and illicit negative reactions Anything that can be labeled as deviant by the ABCs of Deviance or by crossing a norm; must result in negative reactions What we normally think of when we hear the term deviant |
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typology of deviance and a persons place in it
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Normative Expectations
Social Reaction Under or Nonconformity Overconformity Negative Evaluations Negative Deviance Rate-busting Positive Evaluations Deviance Admiration Positive Deviance |
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negative deviance
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behaviors or conditions that are nonconforming and elicit negative reactions
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rate- busting deviance
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behaviors or conditions that overconform to expectations and are negatively reacted to
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deviance admiration
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behaviors or conditions are nonconforming yet elicit positive reactions
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positive deviance
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Conditions that overconform yet elicit positive reactions
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structural
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Peoples actions are guided by the shape of their community; incapable of resisting
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interactionist
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Peoples actions are guided by how they interpret and react to their communities norms based on their “interactions” with those in their peer group and socializing agents
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symbolic interaction
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Main Tenet: Meanings are negotiated between social actors by the interpretation and reification of cultural symbols
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Symb Inter- symbols
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Representation of a cultural fact
Examples: Language, Personifications, Batman’s Chest Protector, Propaganda |
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symb inter- stigma
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erving groffman 1922-1982
Symbols of deviance are emanated by an individual which others interpret and derive meaning from |
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Labeling Theory- secret deviance
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Secret Deviance – Engaging in “traditionally” deviant acts but not being labeled as such
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symb inter- looking glass self
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Charles Cooley 1864-1929
We see ourselves through the eyes of other people and act and alter our actions accordingly Example – Hot Topic |
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labeling thoery- over time
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As there are variations in the level of deviance assigned to an act over time, by who is committing the act, and only in certain situations it is precluded from being a “naturally” deviant act
Over time – Drives Who – Different punishments for different offenders Certain Situations – the same act is considered deviant for some but not others depending upon the situation in which the act was committed |
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labeling theory- master status
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Once you are labeled as a deviant it will become your master status
Individual will be unable to escape its reach If you have this master status people will assume that you have other deviant traits As labels rely upon symbols of deviance it is possible to labeled as deviant through purely biological/chance means |
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Labeling theory- how to be labeled deviant
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howard becker
We ALL are deviant; not one person can say that they made it through being a child without some type of deviance Then why aren't we all labeled as deviant? Acts themselves are not inherently deviant; they only become so when they are labeled as such by peer groups and superseding groups Being deviant does not rely upon committing some immoral act You need only to be labeled deviant to be deviant |
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control theory- bond
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travis hirshci
Stake in community; Consists of 4 different parts |
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control theory realms- attachment
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The size and magnitude of an individuals social network
The larger and more intense your social network, the less likely the individual will be to commit some deviant act Psychology – a symptom of being a psychopath is lack of attachment to others Control Theory – a person who lacks attachment to others is a psychopath |
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control theory realms- committment
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“Rational” portion of the theory
The degree to which a person wishes society to continue in a straight path; to succeed in that community People determine if their action will harm their chance in conventional society or the stability of that community |
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control theory realms- involvement
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The degree to which you are immersed in a community
If you are preoccupied with non-deviant tasks there is no time for deviant ones Most important during early childhood and school Soccer Mom Syndrome |
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control theory realms- beleif
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The degree to which the validity of a communities norms are held
The less you believe in a society the less likely you are to wish to follow its rules |
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differential association theory- how we learn deviance
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Deviance is learned from association and interaction with other delinquents
People are bombarded with deviance Media representations Reading the newspaper Fiction But can only be deviant after they learn how People we communicate with on a daily basis Main agents of learning are friends and family |
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differential associon- what do we learn
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Techniques of crime
The physical mechanisms of committing a crime Can be extremely complicated or easy Reason for committing such acts C: |
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different assoc- definign legal codes as unfavorable
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How do people derive motives and rationalizations for committing crimes
Interpretation of the legal code as unfavorable A person surrounded by a majority of people who define the legal code as unfavorable will come to agree and commit crimes |
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types of feminism- liberal feminism
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Works to change the system incrementally
Accept the basic framework of a community but wishes to enact policy that will equalize |
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types of feminism- socialist feminism
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Evolved from Karl Marx
Patriarchy concentrates wealth in the hands of a few men Wants to change basic structure of community as women are now relegated to “domestic slavery” Formulate a state economy that equalizes all |
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types of feminism- radical feminism
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Patriarchy is so firmly entrenched that not even a socialist overthrowing of the system would work
Must eliminate gender itself Divorce the female body from child bearing Leave behind the entire realm of family and liberate women and children Strictly egalitarian(?) |
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basic feminist ideas
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Working to increase equality
Usually works in the political arena Enacting policy to enforce the leveling of society |
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basic feminist ideas
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Expanding Human Choice
Feminists say the world is bifurcated C: C: The purpose of equality is to reintegrate these two realms |
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basic feminist idea
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Ending Sexual Violence
Patriarchal system promotes gender relationships that encourage violence against in the form of rape, domestic abuse, sexual harassment, and pornography |
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basic feminist idea
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Eliminating Gender Stratification
Oppose laws and cultural norms that limit the education, income, and job opportunities of women Deviance is built into this paradigm; their existence will continue to be deviant either until |
