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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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religion |
a social institution composed of a unified system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals-based on some sacred or supernatural realm-that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a community |
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spirituality |
the relationship between the individual and something larger than oneself, such as a broader sense of connection with the surrounding world |
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faith |
a confident belief that cannot be proven or disproven but accepted as true |
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sacred |
those aspects of life that exist beyond the everyday, natural world that we cannot experience with our senses |
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profane |
the everyday, secular, or "worldly" aspects of life that we know through our senses |
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rituals |
regularly repeated and carefully prescribed forms of behaviors that symbolize a cherished value or belief |
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simple supernaturalism |
the belief that supernatural forces affect people's lives either positively or negatively |
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animism |
the belief that plants, animals, or other elements of the natural world are endowed with spirits or life forces that have an impact on events in society |
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theism |
a belief in a god or gods who shape human affairs |
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monotheism |
a belief in a god or gods who shape human affairs |
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polytheism |
a belief in more than one god |
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transcendent idealism |
a belief in sacred principles of thought and conduct |
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Functionalist Perspectives |
Emile Durkheim, religion is essential to the maintenance of society-meaning and purpose, social cohesion and a sense of belonging,social control and support for the government |
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collective representation |
group-held meanings that express something important about the group itself |
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civil religion |
the set of beliefs, rituals, and symbols that makes sacred the values of the society and places the nation in the context of the ultimate system of meaning |
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conflict perspectives on religion |
religion tends to promote conflict between groups and societies: can be between religions, within a religious group, or between a religious group and a larger society |
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Karl Marx- ideologies |
systematic views of the way the world ought to be, in religious doctrine and political values |
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Max Weber's Response to Marx |
religion unites people, catalyst to promote social change |
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John Calvin's predestination theory |
the belief that even before they are born, all people are divided into two groups; the saved and the damned |
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Symbolic-Interactionist Perspectives |
Religion as a Reference Group-helps an individual define themselves, religion and social meaning-individuals learn about beliefs, rituals, and religious ideas from others, ex. appropriate conduct for children |
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Rational Choice Perspectives |
religion is a rational response to human needs, though no specific religion is correct |
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ecclesia |
a religious organization that is so integrated into the dominant culture that it claims as its membership all members of society |
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church |
a large, bureaucratically organized religious organization that tends to seek accommodation with the larger society in order to maintain some degree of control over it |
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sect |
a relatively small religious group that has broken away from another religious organization to renew what it views as the original version of the faith |
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denomination |
a large organized religion characterized by accommodation to society but frequently lacking in ability or intention to dominate society |
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cult |
aka religious movement or NRM- a loosely organized religious group with practices and teachings outside the dominant cultural and religious traditions of society |
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secularization |
the process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in society and nonreligious values, principles, and institutions take their place |
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fundamentalism |
a traditional religious doctrine that is conservative, is typically opposed to modernity and rejects "worldly pleasure" in favor of otherworldly spirituality |
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secular humanism |
the belief that human beings can become better through their own efforts rather than through belief in God and religious conversion |
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secularization in 4 parts |
decline of popular involvement in institutionalized religion, level of prestige of religious institutions and symbols, extent of differentiation in social institutions such as the economy, focus on things oft his world rather than the spiritual world by religious organizations |
