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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the UN? |
-An international organization created after WW2 -Was formed by 50 countries led by Britain, the Soviet Union, and the US |
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What were the goals of the UN? |
-Keeping world peace -Preventing new wars -Encouraging cooperation among nations -Defending human rights -Helping to promote equality -Improving the standard of living for all nations |
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What does the UN consist of? |
-General Assembly -Security Council -The Secretariat -International Court of Justice |
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What is the General Assembly? |
-Place where all members of UN are represented -Each state has one vote -A 2/3 majority is required for a decision on important issues |
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What is the purpose of the General Assembly |
-Discuss and make recommendation on matters that affect world peace -Become a forum for discussion-Supervise special agencies -Control budgets |
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What is the Security Coucil? What did it consists of? What is it able to do? |
-Responsible to maintain world peace -5 Permanent members, China, France,UK, USSR and US and 10 other temporary members -Has the power to force UN to carry out decisions and veto. |
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What is the Secretariat? |
-Made up of thousands of clerks, interpreters, translators, and technical experts |
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What is the International Court of Justice? |
-Makes ruling on disputes submitted by members -Both members have to abide by rulings -Gives legal advice to Assembly and Security Council |
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What was the Gouzenko Affair? How did it affect Canada? What was the result of this? |
-A clerk at the Soviet Embassy asked Canada for political asylum -Gave documents which proved that the USSR was operating 2 spy rings in Canada -Showed that the Communist threat was in Canada -Caused the Red Scare -As a result of this, RCMP carried out illegal and secret inquires -Potential immigrants denied, and known commmunists deported |
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What was the Cold War? Why? |
-Fear and suspicion over the West and USSR due to basic ideological differences -West feared world revolution of communism -USSR feared encirclement by capitalist countries, which would pose the threat of counter revolution -War of political espionage, propaganda, and economic and politcal pressure |
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What was the Iron Curtain |
-Literally, the iron fence in Berlin which seperated the Capitalist West from the Communist East -Used to refer to the "Iron" grip that the USSR had over its satellite states |
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What was NATO? |
-NATO was formed in response to the Berlin blockade -Allies thought a stronger permanent military presence was required to prevent Soviet expansion -Formed for mutual defense |
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What is NORAD? |
-NORth American Defense System -Created between Canada and America -Lines of radar stations set to detect Soviet Misseles early |
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Summarize the Cuban Missile Crisis. |
-US spots Soviet missiles in Cuba -US makes naval blockade around Cuba, stopping Soviet ships from bringing missiles to Cuba -Soviets ships protected by submarines continue towards Cuba -Soviets ship turn back -USSR promised to remove missiles in exchange for America promising not to invade Cuba |
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Why did the USSR collapse? |
-Economic stagnation within USSR. State controlled economy could not meet the needs of its people -Could not afford enough food, and goods were inferior quality -USSR had to spend 15-25% of GNP for arms race while US only had to spend 5-7% -Political corruption -People no longer believed in Communism -People of USSR that were not ethnically Russian seeked independence |
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What was Glasnost? |
-Russian policy meaning "openess" -introduced by Gorbachev -For the first time a USSR leader was encouraging open debate about the problems in the country |
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What was Peresroika? |
-Russian policy meaning "reform" -Set of economic reforms -Also meant to focus on common human values -Introduced by Gorbachev |
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Warsaw Pact |
-Developed as a response to NATO -A defensive alliance of the Soviet Union and its Satellite states |
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How did peacekeeping begin? |
-Began during the Suez Crisis -Lester Pearson suggested a UN force to keep combatants apart while ceasefire terms were reached |
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What was the slogan Maitrez Chez Nous? |
-USed by Jean Lesage of Liberal PArty -Meant masters of our own house -Wasn't seeking independence for Quebec but more control over own affairs -He also sought equal standings with English Canada |
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What was the Quiet Revolution? What did it accomplish? |
-Period of rapid reform and modernization in Quebec -Secularization (moving away from Catholic Church in political affairs) -Strengthening of welfare state -Investment in public education -Unionization of civil service -Measures to control the economy -nationalization of hydroelectric production |
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Sum up the October Crisis. |
-FLQ kidnaps James Cross, British Trade commissioner. Demands $500,000 , transport to CUba, and the FLQ manifesto read in public -FLQ also kidnaps Quebec Vice Premier and Minister of Labour, Pierre Laporte. -Laporte's body is found dead in trunk of car -Trudeau agrees to broadcast FLQ manifesto and transport 5 FLQ prisoners in exchange for Cross' release |
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What was Bill 101? What did it result in? |
-Bill introduced to replace Bill 22 -Required that French be the lanaguage used by governments, courts and businesses in Quebec -Required commercial signs be displayed in French only -Restricted Access to English schools, one parent had to have previously attended an English school in Quebec -Many English businesses leaving Quebec |
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What is the Notwithstanding Clause? |
-A law which allows the government to pass a law which overrides certain sections of Charter for 5 years -Was why Bill 101, which violated freedom of expression, passed. |
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What did the Meech Lake Accord establish? |
-Meeting with PM Mulroney and all 10 premiers to change the constitution to include Quebec -Referred to Quebec as a "distinct society" -Aboriginal people were against Quebec's special treatment |
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What did the Charlotte Town Accord Establish? |
-Made provisions for aboriginal self government, Senate reform, Universal health care, workers' rights and environmental protection -Included Canada Clause which outlined the values and characteristics that defined all Canadians -In referendum to decide, only 4/10 approved and Aboriginals, many women and the Reform party opposed it |
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What was the FLQ? |
-Canadian seperatist group based in Montreal -Group of Marxists Young french Canadians who spoke of seperating Quebec -Members recieved training from revolutionaries and Palestinian commandos -FLQ committed bombings and bank holdups |
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What was the Constitution Act? |
-Canada's constitution was repatriated (Brought to Canada) -10 Premiers met to draft the new constitution -Last minute revisions were made when Quebec's Premier was asleep -Quebec felt betrayed and did not sign constitution -Included new amending formula which gave Canadians the ability to make changes to constitution |
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What were specific land claims? |
-Land claims based on existing treaties |
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What were comprehensive land claims? |
-Land claims based on traditional use and occupancy -Occured in areas wehrer no treaties had been signed |
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Sum up the Oka Stand Off |
-Quebec officials want to expand golf course on Mohawk land -Mohawks set up major land blockades -Police stormed barricades and one was killed -Canadian army called in, standoff between Mohawks and army -Agreement was reached, government bought land and gave to Mohawks |
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What happened regarding self government and aboriginals? |
-Constitution of 12982 recognized aboriginal right to self govern -In 1990, aboriginal government began self governing in Manitoba -In 1998, Nisga'a people of BC signed a unique treaty giving them self governmen . Were also given ownership of 1922 square km of land and $190 million -Nunavet was created, where aboriginal peoples were given right to self government over natural resources, education, and justice system |
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What was NAFTA? How did it become? |
-US and Canada signed the FTA, removing taxes and quotas when trading between them. -Mulroney believed free trade would benefit Canadian businesses by increasing investment and trade -Mexico joined, making it the NAFTA |
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What are the pros and cons of NAFTA? |
-Help Canadian economy due to trade with US -More American Investment -Canadian jobs lost due to relocation -Canadian businesses were bought or moved to US or Mexico |
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What was the Reform Party? |
-Party formed due to feeeling of Western discontent -Western provinces felt their concerns were ignored by Ottawa -Reform party states it intended to reform constitution to represent Western Provinces -Opposed bilingualism and any special status for Quebec |
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What happened during the Persian Gulf War? |
-Iraq invades oil rich Kuwait, claiming it belongs to Iraq -UN condemed Iraq's actions actions and authorize use of force after economic sanctions did not work -UN bombed Baghdad and other locations to drive the Iraqi army out -Canada sent ships and planes to control the gulf |
