Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
235 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Who was Julius Caesar?
|
A general and a dictator of Rome, and a leader of Roman Legions during 1st c. CE
|
|
|
Who was the famous general, and dictator of Rome, and leader of Roman Legions during 1st c. CE?
|
Julius Ceasar.
|
|
|
What did Julius Caesar accomplish in 52 BCE? Why is this significant?
|
He conquered Gaul and Asia Minor which are two very profitable Roman provinces.
|
|
|
Who conquered Gaul and Asia Minor in 52 BCE?
|
Julius Ceasar.
|
|
|
What was Julius Ceasar's victorious message?
|
"Veni, Vedi, Vici"
"I came, I saw, I conquered" |
|
|
Who had the victorious message:
"Veni, Vedi, Vici" "I came, I saw, I conquered" |
Julius Ceasar.
|
|
|
What did Julius Ceasar accomplish in 45 BCE?
|
He defeated Pompey in the first Roman Civil War.
|
|
|
Who defeated Pompey in the first Roman Civil War?
|
Julius Ceasar.
|
|
|
When did Julius Ceasar become the military dictator of Rome?
|
46 BCE (to 44 BCE)
|
|
|
When was Ceasar assinated and by whom?
|
He was assasinated on March 15th 44 BCE by the Senate (Brutus, Cassius, Cicero)
|
|
|
Who was the first emperor of Rome?
|
Augustus.
|
|
|
Why was Augustus important?
|
He was Rome's first emporer.
|
|
|
Augustus was the adopted son of who?
|
Julius Ceasar.
|
|
|
Julius Ceasar's adopted son was who?
|
Augustus.
|
|
|
What did Augustus accomplish in 42 BCE?
|
He defeated Brutus and Cassius in the Battle of Philippi.
|
|
|
When where Brutus and Cassius defeated in the battle of Philippi and by who?
|
42 BCE by Augustus.
|
|
|
What did Augustus accomplish in 31 BCE?
|
He defeated Antony and Cleopatra in the (naval) Battle of Actium.
|
|
|
When were Antony and Cleopatra defeated in the Battle of Actium and by who?
|
31 BCE by Augustus.
|
|
|
Why did the Battle of Actium start?
|
Antony wanted to be emporer so he teamed up with Cleopatra.
|
|
|
What did Antony and Cleopatra do after the Battle of Actium?
|
They commited suicide.
|
|
|
Who left a legacy of art, architecture, literature, politics, and philosophy during Europe's Early Middle Ages.
|
The Greeks, Romans, Franks, Goths, Anglo-Saxons, Celts, and Vikings
|
|
|
What was land around the Mediterranean ideal for and why?
|
Population growth
Fertile Soil+Adequate Rainfall+Sunshine= Long Growing Season |
|
|
The Mediterranean was also ideal for...
- - - |
-Connection Societies
-trade -spread of ideas |
|
|
What was Greek culture very important to?
|
Early Mediterranean Civilizations
|
|
|
Where did Alexander the Great spread Greek Civ. and philosophy?
|
North Africa, Middle East, India
|
|
|
Who spread Greek Civ and philosophy to North Africa, Middle East, India?
|
Alexander The Great
|
|
|
When did Rome conquer Greece?
|
150 BCE
|
|
|
What happened during 150 BCE?
|
Greece was conquered by Rome
|
|
|
When Rome conquered Greece what happened?
- - - |
-Rome borrowed Greek ideas and skills
-Thinkers and builders from Middle East -Trade Networks established into Middle East |
|
|
What did Rome do after the conquered land?
|
They gathered and borrowed everything they admired, thus becoming a very sophisticated+advanced civilization.
|
|
|
Who were the Roman Legions?
|
Very Powerful military force controlling empire.
|
|
|
What language did the Romans speak?
|
Latin
|
|
|
Romans copied Greek _____
|
architecture
|
|
|
The Romans had a code of law. Why is this significant?
|
We still use it today in Canada.
|
|
|
What did the Roman Code of Laws say?
|
It protected citizens and says everyone has the right to a fair trial.
|
|
|
In terms of Literature, the Romans took from what to civilizations?
|
Greece+Egypt
|
|
|
When did the Shang dynasty start?
|
1650 BCE
|
|
|
Chinese civilization started with...
|
A small kingdom formed in Northern China.
|
|
|
What was the first capital of China?
|
Anyang
|
|
|
What was Anyang?
|
The first Capital of China.
|
|
|
What was Chinese civilization based on?
|
The Huang He River Valley.
|
|
|
Who lived in the Chinese kingdom? Who moved there?
|
Upper Class. Artisans
|
|
|
Where did the Chinese Upper Class live?
|
Stone houses
|
|
|
Who ruled each region of Early China?
|
Nobles. One for each region
|
|
|
What kind of a position was the noble for a region of China?
|
Hereditary
|
|
|
The majority of the population in china where________.
|
Millet farmers.
|
|
|
Where did the Chinese millet farmers live?
|
The Huang He River Valley.
|
|
|
What were the house that the Chinese Millet Farmers lived in like?
|
Pit houses with thatch rooves.
|
|
|
How did peasants live?
|
They worked on their own fields and helped with public projects.
|
|
|
Who worked on their own fields and helped with public projects?(China)
|
Peasants
|
|
|
During which dynasty was Chinese writing developed?
|
The Shang
|
|
|
What artistic developments did the Shang Dynasty make?
- - - - (4) |
-developed earliest Chinese writing
-developed pottery in same style today -bronze casting=valuable artifacts produced -silk making developed |
|
|
What was the most valuable textile around the world during the Shang dynasty?
|
Silk
|
|
|
What were the burial practices during the Shang Dynasty?
|
-Rulers were buried in deep pits with many valuable artifacts+servants
-tombs provide clues to beliefs and values |
|
|
What were the three Social orginizations of the Shang Dynasty in China?
|
Upper Class:
Artisans Peasants |
|
|
Describe the three social levels of the Shang Dynasty.
|
Upper Class: ruled as lords, and formed aristocracy in Anyang
Artisans: made money making things for upper class Peasants: farmed and contributed to public projects |
|
|
Describe China's military durin the Shang Dynasty...
- - |
-Bronze Weapons
-frequently defended against nomadic attacks from the North |
|
|
When where The Shang defeated and by whom?
|
They were defeated in 1027 BCE by the Zhou Kingdom from the Wei River.
|
|
|
How long did the Shang dynasty last? Why was it significant
|
-600 years
-1st chinese Dynasty/civilization |
|
|
Describe the religious beliefs of the Shang.
- - - - - (5) |
-polytheistic
-Di=Lord on High-good harvest, battle, and weather -dead relatives were still connected to family -living give offerings in exchange for ancestor's protection -Shang Kings=priests who can communicate with royal ancestors who have closer connection to Di |
|
|
When did the Zhou dynasty begin?
|
1027 BCE
|
|
|
When did the Zhou dynasty end?
|
256 BCE
|
|
|
What did the Zhou rulers say about the Shang rulers?
|
They lost their mandate to heaven.
|
|
|
Describe the Mandate of Heaven.
|
The idea that the emporer, the son of heaven, has the support of the gods as long as he rules correctly
|
|
|
During the Zhou, kingdoms were divided into _______.
|
Territories, each ruled by a lord.
|
|
|
Describe the 3 socials levels of the Zhou.
|
King-lord-peasant
|
|
|
What were the lord's responsibilities during the Zhou?
|
To manage land and peasants.
|
|
|
Was the Shang+Zhou social systems the same or different?
|
The same.
|
|
|
During the Zhou, what responsibilities did peasants owe lords?
|
Food, labour, military service.
|
|
|
During the Zhou, what responsibilities did lords owe to kings?
|
Loyalty and tribute
|
|
|
Where did Zhou expand China to during their reign?
|
As far east and south as the Chiang Jiang river
|
|
|
What were the two classes society was divided into during the Zhou?
|
Upper and lower
|
|
|
During the Zhou, what were the upper and lower classes made up from?
|
Upper = Kings+Lords
Lower = Peasants, Artisans, Merchants |
|
|
What did Zhou kings also act as?
|
Priests?
|
|
|
What responsibilities did Zhou priests have?
|
Ancestor Worship, ceremonies for agriculture.
|
|
|
When Zhou conquered the Shang, they didn't know how to ______ or _______.
|
Write or make bronze.
|
|
|
What did the Zhou do with Shang culture?
|
Adopt and develop it.
|
|
|
Under the rule of the Zhou, what were launched?
|
Large Scale public projects
|
|
|
What large project/building did the Zhou undertake?
|
A wall in the North to defend against Nomadic raids from the steppes
|
|
|
What continued but changed a bit during the Zhou?
|
Bronze making
|
|
|
What mineral did Zhou introduce?
|
Iron
|
|
|
What did the Zhou use iron for?
|
weapons, agricultural tools
|
|
|
What improved considerably during the Zhou?
|
Writing?
|
|
|
WHat did Zhou also introduce the use of?
|
Money
|
|
|
What had taken on its modern character by the end of the Zhou?
|
Chinese writing
|
|
|
What were first made during the Zhou?
|
The first Chinese books
|
|
|
When did the Zhou lose control?
|
When lords rebelled against king
|
|
|
When did the king flee during the Zhou?
|
770 BCE
|
|
|
What did the king do when he fled in 770 BCE (Zhou)
|
Made Louyang the new capital of China.
|
|
|
What did the Zhou kings lose?
- - |
Political and military control
|
|
|
What did the Zhou Kings still keep during the collapse of the Zhou?
|
Their role as priests
|
|
|
When were the warring states period?
|
481-256 BCE
|
|
|
What happened during the warring states period?
|
Lords fought with each other over territory.
|
|
|
What were the Successes of the Zhou dynasty?
|
mandat eof heaven, technilogical developments
|
|
|
What were the Failures of the Zhou dynasty?
|
The lords became too strong
|
|
|
When was the Qin dynasty?
|
256 - 202 BCE
|
|
|
Who was the leader of the Qin dynasty?
|
Shi Huangdi or "First Emporer"
|
|
|
How did Shi Huangdi unite and create his empire?
|
Military conquest, united China after 200 years of civil war.
|
|
|
Describe the Government Orginization of the Qin Dynasty
- - - - |
-Nobles live in capital so behaviour is monitered.
-peasants get land that belonged to nobles, but have to give labour + taxes -36 districts -Each district ruled by and appointed official |
|
|
Describe the Philosophy + Social Orginization of the Qin dynasty
- - - - - - |
-Code of laws developed
-Legalist -Eliminated Feudal System -Strict laws so no one could disobey -Government more important the people -Killed representatives of other philosophies (mostly daoist) |
|
|
Describe the Technological Developments of the Zhou
- - - |
-great wall of china
-Terra cotta warriors -standardized money, measuring system, writing |
|
|
How long is the Great Wall?
|
2,200kms long
|
|
|
Describe Shi Huangdi's Tomb
- - - |
-6,000 terra cotta warriors
-floor = map of China -Ceiling = stars made of jewels |
|
|
What were the successes of the Qin dynasty?
- - |
-Legalist society allowed for discipline and fast development
-Took power away from nobles |
|
|
What were the failures of the Qin dynasty?
- - - - |
-Too many enemies
-forced labour -prosecution -taxes |
|
|
When was the Han Dynasty?
|
206 BCE - 220 CE
|
|
|
Who was the first Han emporer?
|
Gaozu
|
|
|
What was China's capital city during the Han dynasty?
|
Chang'an
|
|
|
Describe the Government Orginization + Philosophy of the Han dynasty
- - - - - - |
-Did not restore Feudal system
-Kept centralized government system of the Qin -Confucism with some legalist -Appointed officials through birth not merit -Officials had to pass exam -Officials had to show appreciation for art, literature, and law |
|
|
Describe the expansion of China during the Han dynasty.
- - - |
-Expanded in South + North
-Grew to include Manchuria + Korea -Expanded for into central Asia through conquest + alliances |
|
|
Describe family life during the Han dynasty
- - - - |
-Key role in society
-Several Generations would live together as family unit -Elder male had most power -Elders were respected without question and made big family decisions like marriage. |
|
|
Describe The Economic Development through trade + technology during the Han dynasty
- - - - - - - |
-Contact with India, Middle East, Africa, Europe
-Silk Road grew China's economy -More Artisans + Merchants -More roads + Canals -Invented paper, breast-strap harness, the stern post rudder, and the magnetic compass -Chang'an = biggest city due to wealth from trade |
|
|
Describe the Silk Road
|
-A road connecting China with Europe in which silk was traded. Very dangerous due to weather, robbers
|
|
|
What were the main inventions of the Han dynasty?
|
-Invented paper, breast-strap harness, the stern post rudder, and the magnetic compass
|
|
|
What were the successes of the Han dynasty?
- - - - - - - |
-More liked by people
-Less strict than Confucist but not slack -Increase wealth + economy through trade -Strong military -centralized gov -Nobles appointed through merit |
|
|
What were the failures of the Han dynasty?
- - - - |
-Later Emperors were less capable
-Rebellions -Natural Disasters -Factions and Imperial court undermined work of the gov. |
|
|
When was the period of Chaos? (after Han)
|
220 CE - 589 CE
|
|
|
When was the Sui Dynasty?
|
589 - 618 CE
|
|
|
Who was the leader of the Sui dynasty?
|
Wendi
|
|
|
What were Wendi's roles.
|
-emperor
-government official |
|
|
Describe The Goverment Orginization and Philosophy of the Sui dynasty
- - - - - |
-Ruled with great cruelty, brought back rules
-Ambitious -Re-unite empire -Update Exam system |
|
|
Describe the Economic Development Through Public Works during the Sui dynasty.
- - - - - |
-Repaired parts of the Great Wall
-created Grand Canal -Chang'an = largest city in the world, western cities shrank - HUGe death toll on population |
|
|
Why was the Grand Canal significant?
- - |
-Connects the Haung He and the Chang Jiang rivers.
-creates fertile land |
|
|
Describe the Successes of the Sui Dynasty.
- - - - - |
-Grand Canal
-Exams re-introduced -Harsh work forced people to work -Re-united empire |
|
|
Describe the failures of the Sui dynasty
- - - |
-Tried to do too much too soon
-People rebelled -Wendi was cruel |
|
|
When was the Tang dynasty?
|
618-907 CE
|
|
|
Name 4 significant rulers of the Tang dynasty.
|
Empress Wu
Xuanzong Gaozong (or Li Huan) Taizong |
|
|
Taizong was one of the most ____________ emperors.
|
Dynamic
|
|
|
Which old empire did the Tang revive and prosper off of?
|
Han
|
|
|
Where did the Tang empire expand China to?
|
-Afghanistan
|
|
|
Which countries did the Tang force to become tributary states?
- - - |
Tibet, Korea, Vietnam
|
|
|
Describe the Examination system during the Tang dynasty.
- - - - - |
-Improved examination systems + education
-Built schools and standardized courses - first government to provide schools -Expensive to prepare child for exam, sacrifice could pay off -Four Books, Five Classes -Testing was regular, cheating was common |
|
|
The Tang government was the first government to provide what?
|
Schools
|
|
|
Describe the City Life + Class systems of the Tang dynasty.
- - - - - - - - |
-Cosmopolitan
-Land given to ordinary people -People visited from all over -108 wards in Chang'an -Copied + bought from foreigners -Amount of merchants increased -Merchants werent respected because of Confucianism -More Woman's rights - Empress Wu |
|
|
Describe Art and literature during the Tang dynasty.
- - - - - - |
-Art Flourished
-Potters, painters, jade artists, etc -Devote to Buddhist + Daoist -Chinese Poets -By then there were millions of works of literature due to past dynasties -Art depicted everyday life no gods/leaders |
|
|
Describe the scientific developments of the Tang dynasty.
- - - - |
-Gunpowder (850 CE)
-Small Pox Vaccine -Bock Printing -Stools + Chairs |
|
|
Describe the Successes of the Tang dynasty
- - - |
-Cosmopolitan
-Learned and bought from merchants -Aided by work of past dynasties |
|
|
Describe the failures of the Tang dynasty.
- |
-One emporer fell into dream/private world and others fought for power. Military commander took over Chang'an and forced out Xuanzong. Xuanzong gave throne to son after depression. Son continued fighting and won after 8 years
|
|
|
When did the Tang Dynasty end?
|
907 CE
|
|
|
India is one of the _______ civilizations.
|
oldest
|
|
|
When was India started/originated?
|
2500 BCE
|
|
|
How have invading groups contributed to India?
|
-each invading group has added elements to India's culture, yet som Hindu traditions never change.
|
|
|
Which two huge religions originated in India?
|
-Buddhism
-Hinduism |
|
|
How many official languages are in India?
|
Over 20
|
|
|
What is the population of India
(# and %) |
1.1 billion
17 % of world's |
|
|
What is Canada's percentage of world's population?
|
0.5%
|
|
|
Which is the largest movie industry in the world?
|
Bollywood
|
|
|
What can be seen from space?
|
Calcutta Slum Fires
|
|
|
What is still practiced in India?
|
Infanticide
|
|
|
What is infanticide?
|
Killing of female babies
|
|
|
What kind of marriages are still common in India?
|
Arranged
-learn to love your spouse |
|
|
India is the world's largest _______
|
Democracy
|
|
|
What system exists in India
|
The caste system
|
|
|
What is the caste system?
|
-strict class-based orginization for society
|
|
|
What are the Modern Countries in the Indian subcontinent?
(7 including India) |
-India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka.
|
|
|
Which mountains separate India from the rest of Asia? (2)
|
Himalayas and Hindu Kush mountains.
|
|
|
What is in the middle of India (geography) (2)
|
The Deccan Plateau and the Vindhya mountains
|
|
|
Describe the Deccan Plateau
|
High and Dry
|
|
|
Where are the Vindhya mountains and what do they do?
|
Across the middl of India. Divide the Subcontinent into 2 halves
|
|
|
India is a ______
|
Penninsula
|
|
|
Which three bodies of water surround India?
|
Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean
|
|
|
There are few good ________ but also few good _______ in India
|
-natural Harbours, invaders by sea
|
|
|
Where do invaders enter India?
|
Mountain passes in the west
|
|
|
The Indian subcontinent has never ____________________
|
been controlled by one empire
|
|
|
How tall in the India subcontinent?
|
3000km
|
|
|
Describe India's summer monsoon.(May to october)
- - |
-Rising Warm Air
-Lots of rain in Bombay |
|
|
Describe India's winter monsoon.(November to April)
- - |
-Falling cold air
-More rain in Madras (though not too much) |
|
|
Describe Indias Earlist Indian History
- - |
-Indus Civilization --2500 BCE to 1500 BCE
-Earliest cities built on Indus river valley -- Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro |
|
|
When were the ruins of Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro found?
|
1921
|
|
|
During Indias Earlist Indian History, What was housing like?
|
-Cities built of brick
-housed large populations -had fertile soil + water for trade + irrigation, streets, private homes, public baths, shops |
|
|
What did Early Indian civilization grow?
|
Cotton
|
|
|
Who were the Aryans and what were they like?
|
Warlike people from west-central Asia. Fair skinned, tall. Herders and originally nomadic. Use chariots and archers.
|
|
|
When did the Aryans attack and what did it lead to?
|
1500 BCE - decline of Indus civilization
|
|
|
How did the Indus people react to the Aryan's invasion?
|
They fought then retreated south.
|
|
|
What happened after the Indus people fled south?
|
The became known as dravidians, and established various kingdoms in the south. Those kingdoms lasted for 1800 years.
|
|
|
What happened to the Dravidians who stayed in the north?
|
They were assimilated by the Aryans
|
|
|
Describe the Aryan's religion.
- - - |
-polytheistic
-worshiped gods like Agni - god of fire -made offerings |
|
|
What system did the Aryans develop?
|
The caste system
|
|
|
What were the four original castes?
|
Priest (Brahma), Warrior (Kshatriya), Commoner (Vaishya), Slave/Non-Aryan (Sudra)
|
|
|
Where did the Aryans record their original traditions?
|
The Vedas
|
|
|
Aryan language = __________
|
Indo-European Language
|
|
|
What language did the Aryan's speak?
|
Sanskrit
|
|
|
What language did Sanskrit develop into?
|
Punjabi, Hindi
|
|
|
Aryans made many __________
|
Rival Kingdoms
|
|
|
What protected the south from invaders?
|
Geoography
|
|
|
What did Alexander the Great Capture?
|
What is now Pakistan + part of Indus river valley
|
|
|
When did Alexander capture part of India?
|
330 BCE
|
|
|
Who was the first person to capture North-West India?
|
Alexander the Great
|
|
|
When did Alexander die after he invaded India?
|
7 years later
|
|
|
When and who rose to power and overthrew the ruler of Magadha?
|
Chandragupta Maurya
|
|
|
What is Magadha ?
|
northern Hindu Kingdom
|
|
|
Where did Chandragupte attack and subdue?
|
All of Northern India +started Maurya Dynasty
|
|
|
What was the capital city of the Maurya dynasty?
|
Pataliputra
|
|
|
Who was Chandragupta's grandson?
|
Ashoka - greatest Mauryan ruler
|
|
|
when did Ashoka live?
|
273-232 BCE
|
|
|
What did Ashoka nearly do.
|
Unite all of India
|
|
|
What made Ashoka convert to buddhism?
|
Military campaign against Kalinga
|
|
|
Ashoka was a ____ 1st and a _____ 2nd
|
Warrior
Philosopher |
|
|
What did Ashoka improve?
|
-villages + towns, planted wells + trees
|
|
|
Ashoka gave free _________
|
Medical Aid
|
|
|
During Ashoka's rule, people were ___________
|
Kind to Each other
|
|
|
Ashoka supported the spread of ____________
|
Buddhism
|
|
|
Ashoka made _________ which are liek Buddhist laws
|
Ashoka's pillars
|
|
|
Ashoka becam a _______
|
monk
|
|
|
When did Ashoka die and what happened as a result?
|
185 BCE adn empire collapsed.
|
|
|
When was the Gupta Empire?
|
320 - 550 CE
|
|
|
Who was the Gupta empire formed by?
|
Chandragupta II
|
|
|
Why did Chandragupta II for the Gupta empire?
|
he wanted to re-create the Mauryan empire
|
|
|
Where did Chandragupta II rule?
|
Northern India
|
|
|
Describe the Gupta Empire's economy
- - - - |
-Economy based on agriculture village life
-takes = 12 % of value of you cattle and water (if land was irrigated) -temples funded by offerings and fees -cotton trade, spices -- Arabia + China |
|
|
What was the oldest and most dominant religion of India?
|
Hinduism
|
|
|
Where did Hinduism come from and who influenced it?
|
No know founder, came with Aryans, influenced by Dravidians
|
|
|
What is Dharma?
|
Duty or Way of life
|
|
|
What were the holy books of Hinduism
|
The Vedas and Upanishads
|
|
|
Brahma =
Vishnu = Shiva = Ganesha = |
creator
preserver destroyer remoemove obstacles + learning |
|
|
What is Atman
|
the soul
|
|
|
In Hinduism you try to achieve ______ which is freedom of the soul
|
Moksha
|
|
|
What is someone who has acheived their Moksha called?
|
Yogi
|
|
|
Name two Hindu holidays
|
Divali - festivals of lights
Holi - partying + mischief |
|
|
What are the 5 caste System principals
|
Ritual Pollution - someone of a lower caste can't touch you or your stuff
Commensality = Eat with your own caste Marriage = Only marry within your caste Hereditary Occupation = do same job as your parents Economic Links = each caste's designated job fills a role in society |
|
|
When did Jainism begin? WHERE?
|
6th c. BCE. NorthEastern India
|
|
|
jainism has been handed down through __ successive saints
|
24
|
|
|
jains believe soul can be ____________________
|
reborn in body of another living thing
|
|
|
Jains worship ______ but don't have ________
|
Gods, castes
|
|
|
A Jain's actions ultimatley lead to ______
|
Nirvana of "Nothingness"
|
|
|
When was Buddhism founded?
|
2500 Years ago (500 BCE) in India
|
|
|
WHat are The 4 Noble Truths of Buddhism.
|
1) There is suffering. Nothing is permanent. Everything changes, include the self. The self is an illusion.
2)Suffering is caused by desire 3)Suffering can be eliminated when desire + selfishness are 4)The Eightfold Path -Right understanding, speech, determination, conduct, living, effort, meditation, peace of mind, can eliminate desire + selfishness |
|
|
When did Sikhism begin?
|
16th c. CE
|
|
|
Who founded Sikhism
|
Guru Nanak
|
|
|
Sikhs opposed the _________
|
caste system
|
|
|
Sikhs are __________
|
monotheistic
|
|
|
Sikhs were persecuted by _________
|
Mughals
|
|
|
Sikhs wear ______,______,_______
|
turban, bracelets, swords
|
|
|
Sikhs conquered most of the ______ by 18th c. CE
|
Punjab
|
|
|
Who organized the Sikhs into effective fighting force?
|
Govind Singh
|
