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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Causes for World War 1: Militarism |
countries competing with other nations to see who had a better military force. Germany vs. Britain. Britain had one of best militaries in the world. |
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Causes for World War 1: Alliance System |
people joined together because they had a similar purpose and they wanted to protect each other. |
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Causes for World War 1: Imperialism |
economic and political control over other countries. get more land and resources. |
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Causes for World War 1: Nationalism |
countries were proud of their heritage and culture. Ethnic groups of similar heritage wanted to free their oppressed brethren, and prove military and cultural supremacy. similar to patriotism, but with stronger ethnic and military components. |
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Archduke of Ferdinand |
assasinated by Gavrilo Princip; spark to WWI |
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Blank Cheque |
Germany would support Austria-Hungary |
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Ultimatum |
threat which states one must meet conditions or face dire consequences. Austria sent Serbia an ultimatum. |
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Schlieffen Plan |
Alfred Von Schiefflen: the plan that Germany tried to use to attack France via Belgium |
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Triple Alliance (Central Powers) |
Germany Austria-Hungarian Empire Italy |
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Triple Entente (Allied Powers) |
France Great Britain Russia |
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Why did Canada go to War? |
When Britain was at War, Canada was. Britain controlled foreign policy thought the war would be short a good sense of adventure Patriotic (english-speaking canadians) |
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Battle Of Ypres |
April 1915-first poison gas attack in history Germans used chlorine gas against french and canadian soldiers - blinded, burned, killed
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Battle of the Somme |
July 1916 - Bloodiest battle Germans used machine guns The Royal Newfoundland Regiment suffered 90% casualties - killed or wounded with half an hour
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Battle of Vimy Ridge |
April 1917 - Canada's independence and nationhood Canadian troops attacked german positions first time that Canadian units fought together as one, independent of British forces |
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Battle of Paschendaele |
October 1917 General Arthur Currie led Canadian troops Allies won |
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honour rationing |
people limited themselves to a pound and a half of butter, and two pounds of sugar a month |
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Victory Bonds |
citizens who bought bonds were lending money to the government for the war effort. After war, bonds could be cashed in for profit |
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Censorship |
banning the publications of books and magazines in enemy languages |
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Enemy Aliens |
Citizens in Canada that belong to the countries that Canada was at War against. Feared that they may sabotage plans or be spies |
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Halifax Explosion |
1917 - brought the bloodshed of the war in Europe to Canadian soil. A french munitions ship carrying 3000 tonnes of explosives collided with another vessel in the Halifax Harbour Boston donated $3million, altogether $30 million |
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War time Elections Act |
granted federal vote to mothers, sisters, and wives of soldiers in the Armed Forces except minority groups (aboriginal, asian) by end of war, vote was granted to almost all canadian women |
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Suffragette |
those who supported the right of women being able to vote |
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Sir Sam Hughes |
Canada's Minister of Militia and Defence at beginning of war. He set up a training camp that got over 30,00 men in Valcartier, Quebec. Hired profiteers who made bad quality products |
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Major changes in Women's roles |
send food and letters overseas by 1918, all canadian women got the right to vote in federal elections |
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Conscription |
a compulsory military service 1917 happened when amount of volunteers were not enough big issue in canadian election in 1917 riots in montreal and quebec city
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Military Service Bill |
introduced by Borden 1917 made conscription mandatory for males 20-35yrs |
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War Measures Act |
Created by Prime Minister Borden in 1914 granted gov't the authority to do everything necessary for the security, defense,peace, order, and welfare of Canada |
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Relationship between English and French |
French was not taught outside Quebec due to Manitoba School Act in 1890 didn't feel the patriotic need to fight for Britain because they were against british control didn't feel the need to fight for France because they've been in Canada too long to have an association |
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Trench Warfare |
the trenches provided protection against enemy fire, but were vulnerable to bomb attacks |
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War of Attrition |
a strategic concept to wear down the enemy |
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No man's land |
an arrow strip of land between trenches |
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Going over the top |
when officers ordered an advance across no man's land |
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Stalemate |
germany couldn't advance, and the british & french couldn't drive them back |
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Tanks |
first used in Battle of the Somme could attack across no man's land in relative safety immune to machine gun fire and barbed wire a major reason for the Allied victory |
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Poison Gas |
first used in Battle of Ypres used by Germans and caused blindness and turn lungs into sludge |
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Machine guns |
had biggest impact on WWI accounted for most of the deaths very efficient at killing enemy troops as they advanced over no man's land |
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Submarines |
torpedoes could sink the largest ships could be fired underwater at moving target German Submarines tried to destroy merchant ships that supplied Britain with war materials and other domestic products |
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Robert Borden |
Prime Minsiter of Canada (conservatives) created War Measures Act, Military Service Bill, Military voters act, and Wartime Election Act |
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World War I's political effect on Canadian Autonomy |
Canada was seen as a strong military force because of its successful efforts against Germany during Vimy Ridge and Passchendaele Canada was entrusted to lead by themselves (Arthur Currie led the CEF in 1918) |
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World War I's economic effect on Canadian Autonomy |
due to elements of total war, the economy efficiently improved everyone was working in factories to better improve weaponries, or women helping out on the battle site for injured soldiers population increased due to immigration |
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World War I's social effect on Canadian Autonomy |
the role of women changed drastically helped save the economy by taking over the jobs that were traditionally for men help was acknowledged, given the right to vote federally |
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ross rifle |
canadian rifle suggested by Sir Sam Hughes that was good for sharp shooting but poor in trecnh warfare |
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Trench Problems |
Rats (summer): would come in and infest corpses Lice (autumn): no way of washing yourself. carry trench fever and caused scratching Trench foot (winter): common infection that would result in the complication of soldiers' feets |
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Bluebirds |
canadian nurses; wore blue vests |
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crucifixion |
the punishment of tying a soldier to the wheel of a cannon leaving them in no man's land |
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Blighty |
a minor wound that could get a soldier sent home |
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shell shock |
mental breakdown of men who couldn't the amount of deaths and the war |
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sentry duty |
when soldiers had to keep guard for enemies |
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U-boat/ wolf pack |
U-boat: german submarine Wolf pack: 2+ surbmarines |
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armistice |
agreement between warring countries to stop fighting and move to a peace conference |
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Newfoundland Regiment |
a group of newfoundlanders that was a militia of the canadian army |
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wilfred laurier |
leader of the oppositions (liberals) |
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Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) |
canadians that fought overseas are overall part of the CEF originally led by Julian Byng, then led by Arthur Currie |
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General douglas haig |
led the british and french in battle of somme small knowledge of trench warfare |
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Baron Von Richtofen |
"Red Baron" greatest german ace that shot down the most amount of enemy planes shot down by canadian captain Roy Brown |
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ray brown |
shot down german ace |
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Billy Bishop |
Canada's top ace shot down 72 enemy planes awarded Victoria Cross for courage and Bravery |
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President Woodrow Wilson |
US president fourteen points idealist |
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
between Germany and Russia took russia out of the war and left germany fighting a one-front war |
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Treaty of Versailles |
set out the terms of the peace agreement in 1919 paris peace conference Germany had to agree to a war guilt clause; had to pay reparations of about $30 billion, reduce their territory and divide into two, army was restricted to 100,000 men, no air force or uboats |
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war guilt clause |
germany must accept the responsibility and admit to the cause of the war |
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league of nations |
help maintain peace and security around the world collective security replaced by United nations |
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Hundred days |
last 100 days in the war canadians were forefront of the Allied army advance against the Germans |
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aftermath of war |
starvation (crops and transportation were ruined flu was spreading (spanish influenza): schools were closed for months. 21 million globally died, 50,000 canadians died. ottoman empire and austria hungary disintegrated war cost $20 billion russia first communist country |
