Social Work

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United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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-certain basic things that everyone is entitled to
-rights are universal and indivisible (all rights apply to all people)
-The US has only ratified the section concerning political and individual rights

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Three distinct sets of rights

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-Civil and Political Rights
-Economic, Social and Cultural rights
-Collective (or Solidarity) rights

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Civil and Political rights

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"negatice freedoms", right to fair and public trial, freedom from arbitrary

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Economic, Social and Cultural rights

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"positive freedoms", right to work
Signed in 1977, but not yet ratified

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Collective (or Solidarity) rights

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right to development, peace, clean natural environment, one's own natural resources, one's own cultural heritage

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Human rights treaties

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-Convention on the Rights of a child, 2/16/93, not ratified, (juvenals got executed, not legal anymore)
-Convention against Torture, 11/20/94

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Human Rights Violations

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-tracked both by UN and NGO, non gov't organization
-NGOs include Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch

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Limits on Rights

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-In was on terrorism, rights of citizens have been limited both in the US and in other countries such as Thailand
-is it right to limit the rights of citizens in this situation? (debate)

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War Crimes

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-International Humanitarian Law aka "Geneva Conventions"
-all persons not taking part in combat be treated without discrimination or violence
-taking hostages is forbidden
-a neutral "protecting power" must have access to any person detained.
-neutral symbols include Red Cross, Moon, Star

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Human Rights Concerns

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-mandatory minimum sentencing
-differential treatment by race, class, sex, citizenship status etc
-human rights abuses are common in prison

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Why aren't crime statistics accurate?

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lots are underreported
-domestic abuse, rape, child or elder abuse

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Juvenile Justice

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-20-30% of those arrested are under 18
-status offenses-only a crime if someone under 18 does it (drinking, driving, buying cigarettes, curfew, runaways)
-gangs
-Juvenile courts - focus on rehabilitation, started in Chicago, Hull House
-1967-Gaul vs Arizona gave rights of due process to juveniles

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Drug Courts

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-a new innovation in the criminal justice to help those who are using (not selling) illegal drugs
-a seperate court has been established and users are "sentanced" to treatment instead of prison
-if they do not complete their treatment, then they go to prison
-established because our prisons are overflowing with small-time drug users
-drug courts have proved to be both more cost-effective and effective in reducing recidivism
-barriers in access to treatment (availability and cost)

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Mental illness and criminal justice system

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-currently about 16% of ofenders have a mental illness
-prisons and jails are not designed to cope with the needs of the offenders
-impact of de-institutionalization of state and mental hospitals

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Social Work Code of Ethics principle

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to respect the inherent worth and dignity

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Retributive vs restorative justice

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-retributive justice-focuses on punishing the offender for their crime. One side wins, one side loses
-restorative justice- focuses on restoring

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restorative justice

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-victim-offender conferencing
-family group conferencing (see if someone can take child instead of foster care)
-circle sentencing (what can be done to fix what they did to community)
-reparations

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What do social workers do?

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-victim services
-incarcerated persons
-probation and parole
-juvenile justice
-assist in re-integration
-youth services