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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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emphasized the poor,class conflict & stratification
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Marx
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Influenced conflict theory
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Marx
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Brought attention to macro-sociology
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Marx
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Brought Social activism to Sociology
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Marx
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Created a natural bridge between sociology and other related disciplines (e.g. history, economics, etc.)
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Marx
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Not really a sociologist but more of a philosopher
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Marx
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Founded modern sociology
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Durkheim
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Studied Social Order
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Durkheim
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Emphasized anomie
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Durkheim
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Father of Functionalism, French Sociology, Modern Sociology
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Durkheim
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First full professor of sociology
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Durkheim
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articulated coherent theory & clear social scientific methods
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Durkheim
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Born into 3 generations of Rabbi's
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Durkheim
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Though agnostic he believed religious ideas & morality were critical
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Durkheim
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Defended Alfred Dreyfus after he was court-marshaled as a German spy
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Durkheim
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Best known writings were:
The Division of Labor in Society,1893 The Rules of Sociological Method, 1895 Suicide, 1897 The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, 1912 |
Durkheim
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said religion is the opium of the people
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Marx
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emphasized the material world, basic needs food clothing, shelter
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Marx
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said religion distracts man, exploits and controls man and binds man to thehuman experience
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marx
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Advocated for working class
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marx
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believed in historic materialism-to understand history we need to understand the material world of the time
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marx
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Best known writings
contribution to the critique of Hegel's philosophy of right Manifesto of the Communist party The German Ideology Capital, 3 volumes |
marx
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good friend/colleague of Freidrich Engels
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Marx
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Believed the working class was exploited and oppressed by land owners, that the elite intrests are served by keeping the working class in poverty
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Marx
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Believed social stratification could be overcome by a revolution
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marx
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Defined/used frequently class definitions of the proletariat and bourgeoisie
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Marx
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was admired for his single-minded devotion, and critiqued for the same, single minded devotion
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marx
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admired for his passion for the poor
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marx
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admired for his emphasis on action rather than just theorizing
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marx
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rejected for his idea of a utopia which is unattainable
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marx
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In his book, Division of labor in Society he commented on society evolving and made points of mechanical solidarity, samness uniting people, and organic solidarity
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Durkheim
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In the Elementary Forms of Religious Life he said that religion is a product of society, not divine and that the collective conscious separated life into two groups the sacred and profane(ordinary) and the profane may become sacred
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Durkheim
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not a believer in religion but did understand it to helps create social order
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Durkheim
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Shaped scientific method applied them to scientific behaviors
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Durkheim
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Anomie-normlessness the opposite of social order and the primary pathology of modern society has two types chronic and acute
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Durkheim
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Studied Suicide and found 4 types egoistic,altruistic,anomic, and social regulation this was this first study of its kind done scientifically
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Durkheim
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paved the way for functionalism
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Durkheim
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best know for studying religion
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Weber
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fater was a lawyer with high status mother was very devout calvinist
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weber
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after defending is mother in an arguement w his father his father died a month later
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weber
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had a nervous breakdown and was institutionalized off and on
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weber
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visited st louis on only trip to america
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weber
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best known writings
The Protestant Ethis & the Soirit of Capitalism the religion of China The Religion of India Ancient Judaism Sociology of Religion Economy and society (3 vol) |
Weber
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known for historical sociology-sociology provides an important service and compliment to history
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Weber
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Sought Ideal types which capture the essential features of some social phenomena in the real world-they serve as a measuring rod or model
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weber
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Known for comparitive studies which are related to ideal types and is the idea that one social system or behavior can be understood by comparing it to another
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Weber
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known for Value Neutrality said what is =facts what ought to be =values and sociologists should focus on facts while values may inspire ones research
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Weber
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Know for substantive sociology including work on authority, rationalization, and religion
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weber
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Studied authority and came up with 3 ways authority is legitimized: charismatic authority, traditional authority, and legal authority
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Weber
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studies rationalization- meaning of things become more complex over time aka systematization, routinization
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Weber
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where this person saw rationalization as the key force to society marx saw it as revolution
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Weber
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Had the Iron Cage theory- as a result of rationalization and bureaucracy people are trapped in a rule-based social order
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Weber
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wrote about the Iron Cage theory in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
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Weber
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Influenced religion probably more than any other sociologist yet he never defined religion
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Weber
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Focused on the evolutionary development of religion and turned Marx's idea of religion backwards making religion the cause of capitalism not the other way around
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Weber
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KNown for introducing Durkheim and Weber to American sociology
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Parsons
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father of functionalism (putting someone else as the grandfather)
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parsons(Durkheim)
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Known for his Grand, complex social theories
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Parsons
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The major american sociologist after WWII in th 50s 60s
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Parsons
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father was a congregational minister
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Parsons
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studied philosphy and biology both influenced his theories later
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parsons
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Studied under Marianne Weber in Germany
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Parsons
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econ prof at Harvard and president of ASA in 1949
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parsons
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Best known writings
The Structure of Social Action Toward a General Theory of Action The Social System The System of Modern Societies |
Parsons
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Known for System, Theory of Action, and Social Change
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Parsons
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Studied sytems and ad 4 primary systems
Cultural (philosophy,religion) Social (Sociology) Personality (Psychology) Behavioral (Biology) |
Parsons
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Believed all Systems were connected and integrated and wanted to build a grand theory tieing all systems together that could explain all social action
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Parsons
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Viewed all society, al life, as connected and explainable in systems, this was the basis of functionalism
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Parsons
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Wrote about Theory of Action in 2 early works, The Structure of social action and Toward a General Theory of Action
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Parsons
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Believed that Theory of action had ;Personal actors (personality system) strive to reach goals (cultural) by utilizing resources (behavioral) and meeting normative expectations/standards (social)
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Parsons
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Used the AGIL model to explain Theory of Action
A-adaptaion G- Goal Attainment I-Integration L-latency Any Social system can be explained through this model |
Parsons
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Was criticized for ignoring the subject of social change but addressed the topic at the end of is carreer
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Parsons
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Said social change is
1 gradual- part of a smooth process/adjustment 2 the product of differentiation (some jobs are more valuable than the other) 3 demands social stratification- stratification is inevitable, it will always be ere |
Parsons
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___saw key to change as revolution
___saw key as rationalization ___saw as gradual change |
Marx, Weber, Parsons
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