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68 Cards in this Set
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Absolute Monarch |
a king or queen with complete authority over the government and people in a kingdom |
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Age of Exploration |
the period of European exploration overseas from about 1400 to 1600 |
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Age of Reason |
the period of the Enlightenment |
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Apprentice |
an unpaid person training in a craft or trade |
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Cape of Good Hope |
the southern tip of Africa |
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Chivalry |
the code of honorable conduct for knights |
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Circumnavigate |
to sail or fly all the way around something, such as Earth |
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Clergy |
persons with authority to perform religious services |
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Cold War |
a period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union from about 1946 to 1991 |
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Colony |
a territory settled and ruled by a distant country |
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Conquistador |
a Spanish conqueror in the Americas |
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Cores, Hernan |
the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs |
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Crusades |
a series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the Holy Land back from Muslim control |
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Declaration of Independence |
the document in which the United States announced its independence from Britain |
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Developed Countries |
industrialized countries |
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Developing Countries |
poorer countries that have little industry |
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Dictator |
the absolute ruler of a country |
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Divine Right of Kings |
the belief that the authority of kings comes directly from God |
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Elizabethan Age |
a golden age of English history when Elizabeth I was queen, 1558–1603 |
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Encomienda |
a system in which the Spanish king gave Spanish settlers the right to the labor of the Native Americans who lived in a particular area |
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English Bill of Rights |
acts passed by Parliament in 1689 guaranteeing certain rights of English people and limiting the power of the monarch |
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English Civil War |
the military clash between forces loyal to King Charles I and the forces of Parliament that overthrew the monarchy |
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Enlightenment |
a philosophical movement, primarily of the 1700s, that was characterized by reliance on reason and experience |
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Excommunication |
expelling someone from the Church |
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Feudalism (in Europe) |
a system in which land was owned by kings or lords but held by vassals in return for their loyalty |
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Great Depression |
the worldwide economic downturn of the 1930s |
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Guild |
a medieval organization of craftsworkers or tradespeople |
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Holocaust |
Nazi Germany's mass killing of Jewish people |
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Holy Land |
Jerusalem and parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived and taught |
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Humanism |
a system of thought that focused on the nature, ideals, and achievements of human beings, rather than on the divine |
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Hundred Years' War |
a series of conflicts between England and France, 1337–1453 |
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Imperialism |
the efforts of a nation to create an empire of colonies |
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Industrial Revolution |
the change in the methods of producing goods—from hand tools to machines in factories, 1760s–1860s |
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Jerusalem |
a city in the Holy Land, regarded as sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews |
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Knight |
a man who received honor and land in exchange for serving a lord as a soldier |
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Labor Union |
an organization of workers formed to bargain with employers for better pay and working conditions |
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Magna Carta |
the "Great Charter," in which the king's power over his nobles was limited; agreed to by King John of England in 1215 |
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Manor |
a large estate, often including farms and a village, ruled by a lord |
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Medieval |
referring to the Middle Ages |
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Middle Ages |
the years between ancient and modern times |
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Millennium |
a period of one thousand years |
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Model Parliament |
a council of lords, clergy, and common people that advised the English king on government matters |
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Napoleonic Code |
the French legal system based on Enlightenment ideas, set up during Napoleon's rule |
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Nation |
a community of people that shares territory and a government |
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Nationalism |
loyalty to a nation and promotion of its interests above all others |
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Natural Rights |
rights that belong to all human beings from birth |
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Northwest Passage |
a sea route through North America |
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Philosophe |
a French thinker of the Enlightenment |
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Pilgrim |
person who travels to go to a religious shrine or site |
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Pizarro, Francisco |
the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas |
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Postwar |
after a war; after World War II |
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Protestant |
referring to Christian religions that grew out of the Reformation |
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Reformation |
the effort to change or reform the Roman Catholic Church, which led to the establishment of Protestant churches |
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Reign of Terror |
the period (1793–1794) of the French Revolution during which many people were executed for opposing the revolution |
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Renaissance |
the period of the rebirth of learning in Europe between about 1300 and 1600 |
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Scientific Method |
a method involving careful observation of nature and, in some sciences, controlled experiments |
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Scientific Revolution |
a time when scientistis began to rely on observation of the natural world |
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Serf |
a farm worker considered part of the manor on which he or she worked |
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Strait of Magellan |
the channel linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans near the southern tip of South America |
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Superpower |
a powerful country that can influence many other countries |
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Terrorism |
causing fear through the threat or use of violence as a way to achieve political goals |
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Textile Industry |
the making of cloth |
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Trading Bloc |
a group of countries that have agreed to reduce barriers to trade |
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Troubadour |
a traveling poet and musician of the Middle Ages |
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Tsar |
the Russian emperor |
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Versailles |
the palace built for the French king Louis XIV |
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World War 1 |
the first major war of the 1900s (1914–1918) |
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World War 2 |
the second major war of the 1900s (1939–1945) |
