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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The Agricultural Revolution
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The agricultural revolution was a period of agricultural development which saw a massive and rapid increase in agricultural productivity and vast improvements in farm technology.
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The agricultural revolution was significant during the Industrial Revolution because this improved the farm technology, which increased the amount of food produced.
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Enclosure Movement
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A process in Europe where land-owners fenced small fields to create large farms, allowing for more efficient farming methods & increased food supply.
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The Enclosure Movement was significant during the Industrial Revolution, because it kept the crops & cattle to keep safe. This increased the food supply.
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Crop Rotation
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The practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area every in sequential seasons.
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Working Conditions
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The working conditions were very bad during the Industrial Revolution. The rooms were usually dark and filthy, the machines were dangerous, they had nearly no breaks (worked from sunrise to sunset), earned low wages, etc.
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Child Labor
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The employment of children in any work that takes away their childhood, ability to go to school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous.
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Supply and Demand
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Supply are sellers. They supply the people with goods they can buy. Demand are buyers. They demand goods which they can buy.
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Economic Systems- Command, Market, and Mixed
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Command is a system when the government controls the economy, and decides the prices.
Market is when the people (sellers and buyers) decide on the prices. Mixed is when both the government and the people decide the prices. |
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Malthus
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He said that suffering, war, famine, and disease are inevitable. So you don't need the gov. to combine the social classes, because those things are inevitable. He was for Market Economy (laissez-faire).
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Ricardo
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He said that low wages are inevitable because of population growth. He believed in Market Economy (laissez-faire)
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Adam Smith
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He believed in Market Economy because, he said that government regulations only interfere with the production of wealth.
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Karl Marx
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He believed in communism. He said that capitalism will destroy itself, because the workers would strike and take over the gov. (and it would wither away). He believed in equality for all (so no private property, everything is shared)
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Fredrik Engels
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Created Marxism (with Karl Marx). Believed that the gov. should interfere, and close the gap between the social classes.
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Utilitarianism
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Was a mixed economy, because the gov. should promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people, and people should be free to pursue their advantages without gov. interference. By Bentham.
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Socialism
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Socialism is an economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy.
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Marxism
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An economic system including the belief that the struggle between social classes is a major force in history and that there should eventually be a society in which there are no classes
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Communism
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a society in which the government owns the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) and there is no privately owned property
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Anarchism
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An economic system in which people believe that government and laws are not necessary
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Laissez-Faire
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a policy that allows businesses to operate with very little interference from the government
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Command Economy
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an economic system in which activity is controlled by a central authority and the means of production are publicly owned
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Market Economy
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an economic system in which prices are based on competition among private businesses and not controlled by a government
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Scarcity
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a very small supply : the state of being scarce. Usually caused when the want of a certain good is greater than can be supply.
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Connection of Imperialism to Industrialism
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During imperialism, when Spain and other European countries, took over land in the Americas, trade started. That caused imperialism, because people wanted more than they could supply, so they had to create machines and employ more people.
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Social Darwinism
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Justifications of Imperialism
(Economic, Social, Religious, Military, Political) |
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Economic Resources
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A good or service that is acquired by an entity that is expected to provide future benefits.
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Economic Wants
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Are desires that can only be satisfied by consuming/getting the certain goods/
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Robber Baron
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a wealthy person who tries to get land, businesses, or more money in a way that is dishonest or wrong
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Captains of Industry
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People that earned massive amounts of money that contribute positively to the country in someway.
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Iron
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A heavy type of metal that is used to make steel and many other products.
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Coal
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a black or brownish-black hard substance within the earth that is used as a fuel
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Railroads
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a system of tracks on which trains travel
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Rockefeller
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An American industrialist, who was also a philanthropist (is very wealthy but spends a lot of money to promote human welfare). He was the founder of the Standard Oil company, and revolutionized the petroleum industry.
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Carnegie
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was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He was considered the greatest philanthropist, because he promoted other to also become philanthropist too and to share their wealth.
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Mass Production
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To produce great amounts of a certain good, usually using machinery.
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Cottage Industry
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a system for making products to sell in which people work in their own homes and use their own equipment
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La Belle Epoque
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a period of high artistic or cultural development in France that ended when World War 1 started. It was also the time when hygiene improve (for etc. the trash)
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Haussmann
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Howard Zinn and Industrialism
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Unions
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Strike
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There were many problems created by the Industrial Revolution, leading to the birth of new philosophies. Identify one philosophy and how it could help fix these problems.
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While answering (card 41) describe three problems caused by industrialism and one philosophy and how it would fix these problems.
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