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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Reconstruction
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to rebuild the south or to reunite the nation
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What is Lincoln's reconstruction plan?
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10% Plan
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what is the 10% percent plan?
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10% of voters in each southern southern state plegde loyalty; abolish slavery; write new state constitutions and elect new reps; lenient plan
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Johnson's plan for reconstruction
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majority pledge loyalty; ratify 13th amendment; amnesty to ex-confeds; plantations returned to owners; write new state constitutions and elect new reps; moderate
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Why was Johnson's plan for reconstruction stopped by congress?
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b/c blackcodes in south
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Radical reconstruction plan
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south divided by 5 military headed by generals; write new state constitutions and est. new state gov't.; ratify 14th amendment; ex.confed no vote or hold office; harsh; south treated like "conquered territory"
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13th amendment
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abolished slavery
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14th amendment
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granted citizenship all people born in US and equal protection to all
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15th amendment
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constitutional amendment that gave african americans right to vote in each state
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suffrage
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right to vote
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impeachment of johnson
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johnson not guilty of any high crimes so stayed in office but the real reason congress impeached AJ was because they didn't like him; AJ broke the tenure of office which did not allow AJ to fire
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Rise and Impact of the KKK
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goals: keep freedmen and white republicans out of office
method:violence impact: instilled fear and kept freedmen out of office |
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Define freedmen
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a former slave
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role of freedmen`
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beginning of reconstruction: freedmen had no role in society due to black codes
middle of reconstruction: freedmen able to vote and elected into office end of reconstruction : had very little role due to Jim Crow laws |
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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Louisiana enacted law requiring separate railway cars for blacks & whites. In 1892, Plessy took a seat in a "white" car of train. He refused to move to car for blacks and was arrested. Plessy claimed violation of 14th amendment. Plessy GUILTY b/c facilities were claimed to be separate but equal.
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Brown vs. Board of Education
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Linda Brown not attend white school 5 blocks away but had to attend school 21 blocks away. Parents complained to court implied that Negroes were inferior and violation of 14th amendment. School said separate but equal. Brown innocent after judicial review
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Election of 1876
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Hayes (R) vs. Tilden (D); Hayes less popular votes more electoral; Tilden more popular votes less electoral No clear cut win so congress chose Hayes b/c Compromise to end reconstruction (privately made deal)
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define scalawags
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white southerners who cooperated with carpetbaggers and white republicans
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carpetbagger
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northerners who headed south after civil war to make profit, enjoy land and maybe help the nation
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sharecropper
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farmer who work land owned by another person and gives them a part of the harves
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emanicipation
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to set free
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Year of Industrialization
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1865
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Industrialize
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to develop industry in nation; change from mostly agriculture to manufacturing
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conditions that enabled U.S. to become industrial
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having resources; capital; inventive spirit; stable friendly gov't; trained workers; cheap labor - immigrants; economic managment; transportation
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laissez-faire
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hands off/non-involvement; early gov't role
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reasons for laissez-faire
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bribary of gov't; felt that it had helped the reputation of the country; felt that they should play small role in economic affairs
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What are examples of resources in US?
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oil, coal, trade routes, steel, ports, raw materials (cotton)
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Giants of industry?
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rockefeller, carnegie, vanderbilt, morgan
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What did Rockefeller make money from?
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oil industry
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What did carnegie make money from?
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steel industry
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What did vanderbilt make money from?
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railroad industry
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What did Morgan make money from?
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Banking
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What were the methods of the giants of industry?
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lower prices, reduce competition, create monopolies and trusts, invest in other companies, all were philanthropist, all exploited workers and bribed gov't
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Vertical Integration
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When a company expands its business into areas that are at different points of the same production path.
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"united we stand, divided we fall" and "power in numbers" were used by whom during the industrial revolution?
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labor unions
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Knights of Labor
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1869
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why wasn't Knights of Labor succesful?
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because they used violence and it included many groups having no common goal Also, the haymarket riot led them to be so unsuccessful
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AFL
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1886
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CIO
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1935
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What was the yr the AFL and CIO merged?
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1955
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Corporations
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groups that sell shares it to the public
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What were advantages of Corporations?
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increase capital through sale of stocks, allowed company to expand, transfer ownership, risks shared, don't need to go to bank b/c money come from people
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What was the first attempt of the gov't to regulate business and labor?
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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banned formation of trusts and monpolies; too weak & not effective
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Clayton Anti-Trust Act
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unions legal
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Wagner Act
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bosses had to engage in collective barganing
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Fair Labor Standards Act
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est. maxium hrs and minimum wages
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Social Security Act
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pensions, insurances
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Haymarket Riot
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1886; McCormick Harvest Company; knights of labor;
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Homestead Strike
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1892; Steel;
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Pullman Strike
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1894; Railroad;
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Name some of the poor working Conditions in factories
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dangerous equipment, low wages, child labor, exploited minorities, poor lighting, high temp., dirty, smelly, disease spread quick, no insurance, no pension etc.
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What were characteristics shared by Haymarket riot, homestead strike, pullman strike?
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violence erupted, unsuccessful, strikers looked for change for the better
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What were positive effects of industry on society?
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gave jobs, money circulated, allowed progress, standard of living increased
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What were negative effects of industry on society?
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monopolies, trusts, exploited workers, broken families, pollution, corruption(gov't bribery)
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Free enterprise
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businesses owned by private citizens
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What was an advantage of free enterprise?
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people open more businesses and work harder because they can keep the profit
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Was was a disadvantage of free enterprise?
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because in free enterprise businesses must compete to win customers and many times big companies put an end to competiton
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Trust
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group of corporations run by a single board of directors
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monopoly
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company that controls all business of an industry
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capital
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money
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Name some reasons that people left their countries (push factors)
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landless, religous/political persecution, escape war, famine, poverty, diesease
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Name some reasons that people came to U.S (pull factors)
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opportunities, freedoms, land, education, hope, jobs
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"old immigrants"
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1840-1880; NW europe and China
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"new immigrants"
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1880-1910; SE europe and asia
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Which immigrants were welcomed? (old or new) Why?
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Old; same language; similar cultures; US needed pop.
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Were "new" immigrants welcomed? Why/why not?
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No; different cultures, languages, faced prejudice and discrimination
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During the time of old immigrants what was the US policy?
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open door
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National origins Act 1924
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favorite NW
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Todays Immigrants come mostly from __________.
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Asia and latin america
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Today's illegal Immigrants come mostly from __________.
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mexico
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Deport
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send back
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salad bowl
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theory that immigrants would keep individual characteristics of their culture yet would still be american WORKED
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Melting pot
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theory that immigrants would melt or combine customs with American customs NOT WORK
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assimilate
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take in customs
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What yr was the proclamation of neutrality?
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1793
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Who made the proclamation of neutrality?
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George Washington
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What caused the Proclamation of Neutrality?
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French revolution w/ britain. Both sides asked for US help. US said no b/c it was too weak.
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What did the Proclamation of neutrality say?
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US maintain neutrality and still trade w/ both sides.
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Is proclamation of neutrality in effect today?
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No
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What yr was the farewell address?
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1796
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Who made the farewell address?
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George Washington
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What did the farewell address say?
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no favorites; no permanent allies; hones and just to all nations; work for peace
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What caused the farewell address?
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Keep u.s out of war
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Is the farewell address still in effect today?
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Since WW2 US not follow isolationism
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What yr was the monroe doctrine?
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1823
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What caused monroe doctrine?
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Euro-countries coming together to power american continents.
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What did the monroe doctrine say?
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avoid euro wars, american continents free from euro power, no intefere w/ euro if they no intefere w/ americas. if euro come to Americas then america feel threaten
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Is the monroe doctrine still in effect today?
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yes
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Manifest destiny
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calling from god to expand land up to ones border
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In what yr did we get the mexican cession?
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1848
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In what yr did we get lousiana purchase?
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1803
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Imperialism
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policy of powerful countries seek control of weaker countries; they get more power
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Alaska (yr)
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1867
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Hawaii (yr)
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1898
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Guam (yr)
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1898
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Philippines
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1898
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Puerto Rico
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1898
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Roosevelt Corollary (def. + yr)
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US right to intervene w/ Latin American issues;1905
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What yrs was WW1?
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1914-1918
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what was the immediate cause of the WW1?
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sinking of lusitania (1915)
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What yr did US enter WW1?
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1917
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what yr did russia leave WWi?
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1917
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What was the spark of WWI?
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Francis Ferdinard assasined in 1914
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Idealism
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things done for benefit for other countries
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Self interest
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things done for benefit of only the country
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Why did America seem hypocrtical in Spanish Amer. war?
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america went to save cuba from being taken but took more land (guam, hawaii etc.)
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What were two main reasons for U.S to enter WWI?
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zimmerman telegraph and freedom of seas
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What yrs were building of panama canal?
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1904-1914
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What yr was the virgin islands bought?
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1917
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What treaty ended WW1?
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treaty of versay (1919)
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What were the three main underlying causes of WW1?
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Militarism, imperialism, and nationalism
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Militarism
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program for building strong military (competition)
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Nationalism
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people want to be indep. and live under 1 flag
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Who was president of US during WW1?
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woodrow wilson
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What was the zimmerman telegraph?
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Germany ask Mexico to support against US. in return Germany give Mexico land taken by US.
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What was referred to as the "big ditch"
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the panama canal
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what was the immediate cause of the Spa. Amer. War?
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DeLome's letter
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When was spansih american war?
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1898
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Why did US buy Virgin Islands?
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WW1 in progress so US wanted to protect panama canal
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What was spark of Span. Amer. War?
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sinking of maine
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Fourteen points
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wilson's plan to prevent international problems from causing another war.
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Who was president during panama canal?
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teddy roosevelt
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what were two advantages for US b/c of panama canal?
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defense/navy, connect oceans/trade
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